Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the immune responses of Penicillium digitatum antigens in rabbits. Twenty healthy rabbits were divided into 2 groups (15 for the test group) and (5 for the control group). The test animals were immunized with 500μg/ml of P. digitatum spores. The stimulated immune response was determined using Delayed type hypersensitivity-skin, Phagocyte activity (NBT), E-rosette, and leucocyte migration inhibitory factors (LIF) tests. The results of the delayed-type hypersensitivity test showed erythema in the skin thickness in immunized rabbits after 24, 48, and 72 hrs after injection of antigens, and necrosis after 72 hrs. The results showed increases in the percentage of phagocytic activity (74.333±1.329) compared to the control group (40.222±2.709), and a higher number of E-rosette (70.31±1.279) compared with control one (27.6±1.22). The results showed high significant LIF (55.66±2.11) in the treated group as well.
Keywords
Delayed type hypersensitivity-skin test
NBT
E-rosette test
LIF
Article Details
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The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
AUDA, S. A., KHUDHUR, H. R., HASSON, S. O., AL-SHEMERY, M. K., & JUDI, H. K. (2022). Immunological effects of Penicillium digitatum in rabbits. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 9, 270–274. Retrieved from http://www.ijichthyol.org/index.php/iji/article/view/812
References
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AL-bermani, O.K.; AL-rubeiaem A.F.; AL-Kafaji A.M. & Hassan, A.M. 2013. Induction of pulmonary allergic response in rabbits by the intranasal challenge with penicillium digitatum spores. Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary 1(9): 124-132
Al-Samarrae, E.A.A. 2011. Evaluation of Proteus vulgaris fimbriae antigen by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH)-skin test in rabbits. The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 35(1): 100-106:
Bongomin, F.; Gago, S.; Oladele, R. & Denning, D. 2017. Global and multinational prevalence of fungal diseases estimate precision. Journal of Fungi 3: 57.
Bugeda, A.; Garrigues, S.; Gandía, M.; Manzanares, P.; Marcos, J.F. & Coca, M. 2020. The antifungal protein AfpB induces regulated cell death in its parental fungus Penicillium digitatum. M Sphere 5(4): e00595-20.
Faraj, M.K.; Al-Samarrae, E.A.A. & Al-Ameed, A.A.M. 2010. Study of some aspects of the immunological response to Aspergillus fumigatus antigens in local rabbits. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences 9(1): 33-39
Hudsen, L. & Hay, F.C. 1983. Practical Immunology 2nd (Ede). Black Well Scientific Publications, 328-340.
Khandoga, A.G.; Khandoga, A.; Reichel, C.A.; Bihari, P.; Rehberg, M. & Krombach, F. 2009. In vivo imaging and quantitative analysis of leukocyte directional migration and polarization in inflamed tissue. PLoS One 4(3): e4693.
Mahfudh, N.; Sulistyani, N. & Sabillah, D.A. 2020. The effect of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb rhizome extract on in vitro phagocytic activity and lymphocyte proliferation. Pharmacian 10: 231-238.
Mahmood, D.Y.; Al-Samarraae, I.A.A. & Al-Rubaie, H.M.A. 20 15. The immunological responses of sonicated Pasteurella multocida and E. tenella antigens in rabbits. Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences 8(1).
Nafarndam, W.D.; Kawem, SM. & Agbedem, S.A. 2011. The Application of erythrocyte rosette test to characterize t-like lymphocytes in the mud catfish Clarias gariepinus. Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 2(4): 55-57
Noverr, M.C.; Falkowski, N.R.; McDonald, R.A.; McKenzie, A.N. & Huffnagle, G.B. 2005. Development of allergic airway disease in mice following antibiotic therapy and fungal microbiota increase: role of host genetics, antigen, and interleukin-13. Infection and Immunity 73(1): 30-38
Oshikata, C.; Tsurikisawa, N.; Saito, A.; Watanabe, M.; Kamata, Y.; Tanaka, M. & Akiyama, K. 2013. Fatal pneumonia caused by Penicillium digitatum: a case report. BMC Pulmonary Medicine 13: 16.
Park, B.H.; Fikrig, S.M. & Smithwick, E.M. 1982. Infection and nitroblue-tetrazolium reduction by neutrophils. Lancet 2: 532-534
Quercia, O.; Incorvaia, C.; Puccinelli, P.; Scurati, S.; Emiliani, F. & Frati, F. 2012. Prevalence of allergic disorders in Italy: the Cotignola population study. European Annals of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 44: 5-11
Rheem, H.Q.; Al-Thahab, A.A. & Abd, F.G. 2016. Immunological study of silver nanoparticles produced from Proteus mirabilis in rabbit. Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology 8(2): 177-187
Riedemann, N.C.; Guo, R.F.; Gao, H.; Sun, L.; Hoesel, M.; Hollmann, T.J.; Wetsel, R.A.; Zetoune, F.S. & Ward, P.A. 2004. Regulatory role of C5a on macrophage migration inhibitory factor release from neutrophils. Association of Immunology 173: 1355-1359.
Rosenthal, K.S. & Tan, J.S. 2007. Rapid review of microbiology and Immunology. Amazon Comp. USA.
Team, R.C. 2015. R foundation for statistical computing; Vienna, Austria: 2014. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.
Wojcicka-Lorenowicz, K.; Kostro, K.; Lisiecka, U. & Gąsiorek, B. 2018. Phagocytic activity and oxygen metabolism of peripheral blood granulocytes from rabbits experimentally infected with Trichophyton Mentagrophytes. Journal of Veterinary Research 62(1): 43-48.
References
AL-bermani, O.K.; AL-rubeiaem A.F.; AL-Kafaji A.M. & Hassan, A.M. 2013. Induction of pulmonary allergic response in rabbits by the intranasal challenge with penicillium digitatum spores. Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary 1(9): 124-132
Al-Samarrae, E.A.A. 2011. Evaluation of Proteus vulgaris fimbriae antigen by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH)-skin test in rabbits. The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 35(1): 100-106:
Bongomin, F.; Gago, S.; Oladele, R. & Denning, D. 2017. Global and multinational prevalence of fungal diseases estimate precision. Journal of Fungi 3: 57.
Bugeda, A.; Garrigues, S.; Gandía, M.; Manzanares, P.; Marcos, J.F. & Coca, M. 2020. The antifungal protein AfpB induces regulated cell death in its parental fungus Penicillium digitatum. M Sphere 5(4): e00595-20.
Faraj, M.K.; Al-Samarrae, E.A.A. & Al-Ameed, A.A.M. 2010. Study of some aspects of the immunological response to Aspergillus fumigatus antigens in local rabbits. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences 9(1): 33-39
Hudsen, L. & Hay, F.C. 1983. Practical Immunology 2nd (Ede). Black Well Scientific Publications, 328-340.
Khandoga, A.G.; Khandoga, A.; Reichel, C.A.; Bihari, P.; Rehberg, M. & Krombach, F. 2009. In vivo imaging and quantitative analysis of leukocyte directional migration and polarization in inflamed tissue. PLoS One 4(3): e4693.
Mahfudh, N.; Sulistyani, N. & Sabillah, D.A. 2020. The effect of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb rhizome extract on in vitro phagocytic activity and lymphocyte proliferation. Pharmacian 10: 231-238.
Mahmood, D.Y.; Al-Samarraae, I.A.A. & Al-Rubaie, H.M.A. 20 15. The immunological responses of sonicated Pasteurella multocida and E. tenella antigens in rabbits. Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences 8(1).
Nafarndam, W.D.; Kawem, SM. & Agbedem, S.A. 2011. The Application of erythrocyte rosette test to characterize t-like lymphocytes in the mud catfish Clarias gariepinus. Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 2(4): 55-57
Noverr, M.C.; Falkowski, N.R.; McDonald, R.A.; McKenzie, A.N. & Huffnagle, G.B. 2005. Development of allergic airway disease in mice following antibiotic therapy and fungal microbiota increase: role of host genetics, antigen, and interleukin-13. Infection and Immunity 73(1): 30-38
Oshikata, C.; Tsurikisawa, N.; Saito, A.; Watanabe, M.; Kamata, Y.; Tanaka, M. & Akiyama, K. 2013. Fatal pneumonia caused by Penicillium digitatum: a case report. BMC Pulmonary Medicine 13: 16.
Park, B.H.; Fikrig, S.M. & Smithwick, E.M. 1982. Infection and nitroblue-tetrazolium reduction by neutrophils. Lancet 2: 532-534
Quercia, O.; Incorvaia, C.; Puccinelli, P.; Scurati, S.; Emiliani, F. & Frati, F. 2012. Prevalence of allergic disorders in Italy: the Cotignola population study. European Annals of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 44: 5-11
Rheem, H.Q.; Al-Thahab, A.A. & Abd, F.G. 2016. Immunological study of silver nanoparticles produced from Proteus mirabilis in rabbit. Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology 8(2): 177-187
Riedemann, N.C.; Guo, R.F.; Gao, H.; Sun, L.; Hoesel, M.; Hollmann, T.J.; Wetsel, R.A.; Zetoune, F.S. & Ward, P.A. 2004. Regulatory role of C5a on macrophage migration inhibitory factor release from neutrophils. Association of Immunology 173: 1355-1359.
Rosenthal, K.S. & Tan, J.S. 2007. Rapid review of microbiology and Immunology. Amazon Comp. USA.
Team, R.C. 2015. R foundation for statistical computing; Vienna, Austria: 2014. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.
Wojcicka-Lorenowicz, K.; Kostro, K.; Lisiecka, U. & Gąsiorek, B. 2018. Phagocytic activity and oxygen metabolism of peripheral blood granulocytes from rabbits experimentally infected with Trichophyton Mentagrophytes. Journal of Veterinary Research 62(1): 43-48.
Al-Samarrae, E.A.A. 2011. Evaluation of Proteus vulgaris fimbriae antigen by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH)-skin test in rabbits. The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 35(1): 100-106:
Bongomin, F.; Gago, S.; Oladele, R. & Denning, D. 2017. Global and multinational prevalence of fungal diseases estimate precision. Journal of Fungi 3: 57.
Bugeda, A.; Garrigues, S.; Gandía, M.; Manzanares, P.; Marcos, J.F. & Coca, M. 2020. The antifungal protein AfpB induces regulated cell death in its parental fungus Penicillium digitatum. M Sphere 5(4): e00595-20.
Faraj, M.K.; Al-Samarrae, E.A.A. & Al-Ameed, A.A.M. 2010. Study of some aspects of the immunological response to Aspergillus fumigatus antigens in local rabbits. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences 9(1): 33-39
Hudsen, L. & Hay, F.C. 1983. Practical Immunology 2nd (Ede). Black Well Scientific Publications, 328-340.
Khandoga, A.G.; Khandoga, A.; Reichel, C.A.; Bihari, P.; Rehberg, M. & Krombach, F. 2009. In vivo imaging and quantitative analysis of leukocyte directional migration and polarization in inflamed tissue. PLoS One 4(3): e4693.
Mahfudh, N.; Sulistyani, N. & Sabillah, D.A. 2020. The effect of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb rhizome extract on in vitro phagocytic activity and lymphocyte proliferation. Pharmacian 10: 231-238.
Mahmood, D.Y.; Al-Samarraae, I.A.A. & Al-Rubaie, H.M.A. 20 15. The immunological responses of sonicated Pasteurella multocida and E. tenella antigens in rabbits. Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences 8(1).
Nafarndam, W.D.; Kawem, SM. & Agbedem, S.A. 2011. The Application of erythrocyte rosette test to characterize t-like lymphocytes in the mud catfish Clarias gariepinus. Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 2(4): 55-57
Noverr, M.C.; Falkowski, N.R.; McDonald, R.A.; McKenzie, A.N. & Huffnagle, G.B. 2005. Development of allergic airway disease in mice following antibiotic therapy and fungal microbiota increase: role of host genetics, antigen, and interleukin-13. Infection and Immunity 73(1): 30-38
Oshikata, C.; Tsurikisawa, N.; Saito, A.; Watanabe, M.; Kamata, Y.; Tanaka, M. & Akiyama, K. 2013. Fatal pneumonia caused by Penicillium digitatum: a case report. BMC Pulmonary Medicine 13: 16.
Park, B.H.; Fikrig, S.M. & Smithwick, E.M. 1982. Infection and nitroblue-tetrazolium reduction by neutrophils. Lancet 2: 532-534
Quercia, O.; Incorvaia, C.; Puccinelli, P.; Scurati, S.; Emiliani, F. & Frati, F. 2012. Prevalence of allergic disorders in Italy: the Cotignola population study. European Annals of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 44: 5-11
Rheem, H.Q.; Al-Thahab, A.A. & Abd, F.G. 2016. Immunological study of silver nanoparticles produced from Proteus mirabilis in rabbit. Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology 8(2): 177-187
Riedemann, N.C.; Guo, R.F.; Gao, H.; Sun, L.; Hoesel, M.; Hollmann, T.J.; Wetsel, R.A.; Zetoune, F.S. & Ward, P.A. 2004. Regulatory role of C5a on macrophage migration inhibitory factor release from neutrophils. Association of Immunology 173: 1355-1359.
Rosenthal, K.S. & Tan, J.S. 2007. Rapid review of microbiology and Immunology. Amazon Comp. USA.
Team, R.C. 2015. R foundation for statistical computing; Vienna, Austria: 2014. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.
Wojcicka-Lorenowicz, K.; Kostro, K.; Lisiecka, U. & Gąsiorek, B. 2018. Phagocytic activity and oxygen metabolism of peripheral blood granulocytes from rabbits experimentally infected with Trichophyton Mentagrophytes. Journal of Veterinary Research 62(1): 43-48.