Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to use hsp60 genes of Enterobacter species from the chicken meats amplified by traditional PCR to determine its phylogenetic position compared to those registered in the gene bank. For this purpose, 120 samples of refrigerated chicken meat were collected in the province of Al-Najaf between August 2020 and April 2021. The results showed that out of 120 bacterial isolates, 30 were infected with E. cloacae based on Vitik tests, which is about 25%; however, 30 infected samples with E. cloacae were positive based on the hsp60 gene. Analysis of hsp60 sequences was using PCR and E. cloacae ssp. dissolvens was detected and its phylogenetic position compared to other E. cloacae gene sequences in the gene bank was provided.
Keywords
Enterobacter
Frozen chicken meat
Hsp60
PCR
Sequencing
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
RADI, N. kaddim H., & AL-MARZOQI, A. H. (2022). Genetic variation of hsp60 gene in Enterobacter cloacae isolated from frozen chicken meat in Iraq. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 9, 291–297. Retrieved from http://www.ijichthyol.org/index.php/iji/article/view/811
References
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Akbari, M.; Bakhshi, B.; Najar Peerayeh, S. 2016. Particular distribution of Enterobacter cloacae strains isolated from urinary tract infection within clonal complexes. Iranian Biomedical Journal 20(1): 49-55.
C.O.S.Q.C. 2006. Iraqi Central Organization for Standardization and Quality Control, Iraqi Standard Criterion No.2/2270 in Sampling.
da Silva, N.; Hirotomi Taniwaki, M.; Junqueira, V.C.; Silveira, N.; do Nascimento, M.D.S. & Romeiro Gomes, R.A. 2013. Microbiological Examination Methods of Food and Water: a Laboratory Manual CRC Press.
Delmas, J.; Breysse, F.; Devulder, G.; Flandrois, J.P. & Chomarat, M. 2006. Rapid identification of enterobacteriaceae by sequencing DNA gyrase subunit B encoding gene. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 55(4): 263-268.
Guérin, F.; Isnard, C.; Sinel, C.; Morand, P.; Dhalluin, A.; Cattoir, V. & Giard, J.C. 2016 .Cluster-dependent colistin hetero-resistance in Enterobacter cloacae complex. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 71(11): 3058-3061.
Hoffmann, H. & Andreas, R.K. 2003. Population Genetics of the Nomenspecies Enterobacter cloacae, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69(9): 5306-5318.
Hoffmann, H. & Roggenkamp, A. 2003. Population genetics of the nomenspecies Enterobacter cloacae. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69(9): 5306-5318.
Husain, D.A. & Aziz, Z.S. 2022. Short Communication: Molecular study of bacteria isolated from meat and chicken frozen from Misan Governorate market in Iraq. Biodiversitas 23(1): 81-86.
Khennouchi, N.C.E.H.; Loucif, L.; Boutefnouchet, N.; Allag, H. & Rolain, J.M. 2015. Maldi-Tof Ms as a tool to detect a nosocomial outbreak of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-and ArmA methyltransferase-producing Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates in Algeria. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59(10): 6477-6483.
Kremer, A. & Hoffmann, H. 2012. Prevalences of the Enterobacter cloacae complex and its phylogenetic derivatives in the nosocomial environment. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 31(11): 2951-2955.
Morand, P.C.; Billoet, A.; Rottman, M.; Sivadon-Tardy, V.; Eyrolle, L.; Jeanne, L.; Tazi, A.; Anract, P.; Courpied, J.P.; Poyart, C. & Dumaine, V. 2009. Specific distribution within the Enterobacter cloacae complex of strains isolated from infected orthopedic implants. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 47(8): 2489-95.
Ohad, S.; Block, C.; Kravitz, V.; Farber, A.; Pilo, S.; Breuer, R. & Rorman, E. 2014. Rapid identification of Enterobacter hormaechei and Enterobacter cloacae genetic cluster III. Journal of Applied Microbiology 116(5): 1315-21.
Overdevest, I.; Willemsen, I.; Rijnsburger, M.; Eustace, A.; Xu, L.; Hawkey, P.; Heck, M.; Savelkoul, P.; Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C.; van der Zwaluw, K.; Huijsdens, X. & Kluytmans, J. 2011. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes of Escherichia coli in chicken meat and humans. The Netherlands. Emerging Infectious Diseases 17(7):1216-1222.
Paauw, A.; Caspers, M.P.; Schuren, F.H.; Leverstein-van Hall, M.A.; Delétoile, A.; Montijn, R.C.; Verhoef, J. & Fluit, A.C. 2008. Genomic diversity within the Enterobacter cloacae complex. PLoS One 3(8): e3018.
Paauw, A.; Caspers, P.; Leverstein-van Hall, M.A.; Schuren, F.H.; Montijn, R.C.; Verhoef, J. & Fluit, A.C. 2009. Identification of resistance and virulence factors in an epidemic Enterobacter hormaechei outbreak strain. Microbiology 155(Pt5): 1478-1488.
Ranjbar, R.; Karami, A.; Farshad, S.; Giammanco, G.M. & Mammina, C. 2014. Typing methods used in the molecular epidemiology of microbial pathogens: a how-to guide. New Microbiology 37(1): 1-15.
Rice, L.B. 2008. Federal funding for the study of antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial pathogens: no ESKAPE. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 197(8): 1079-1081.
Roggenkam, A. 2007. Phylogenetic analysis of enteric species of the family Enterobacteriaceae using the oriC-locus. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 30(3): 180-188.
Singh, N.K.; Bezdan, D.; Checinska Sielaff, A.; Wheeler, K.; Mason, C.E. & Venkateswaran, K. 2018. Multi-drug resistant Enterobacter bugandensis species isolated from the International Space Station and comparative genomic analyses with human pathogenic strains. BMC Microbiology 18(1): 175.
References
Akbari, M.; Bakhshi, B.; Najar Peerayeh, S. 2016. Particular distribution of Enterobacter cloacae strains isolated from urinary tract infection within clonal complexes. Iranian Biomedical Journal 20(1): 49-55.
C.O.S.Q.C. 2006. Iraqi Central Organization for Standardization and Quality Control, Iraqi Standard Criterion No.2/2270 in Sampling.
da Silva, N.; Hirotomi Taniwaki, M.; Junqueira, V.C.; Silveira, N.; do Nascimento, M.D.S. & Romeiro Gomes, R.A. 2013. Microbiological Examination Methods of Food and Water: a Laboratory Manual CRC Press.
Delmas, J.; Breysse, F.; Devulder, G.; Flandrois, J.P. & Chomarat, M. 2006. Rapid identification of enterobacteriaceae by sequencing DNA gyrase subunit B encoding gene. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 55(4): 263-268.
Guérin, F.; Isnard, C.; Sinel, C.; Morand, P.; Dhalluin, A.; Cattoir, V. & Giard, J.C. 2016 .Cluster-dependent colistin hetero-resistance in Enterobacter cloacae complex. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 71(11): 3058-3061.
Hoffmann, H. & Andreas, R.K. 2003. Population Genetics of the Nomenspecies Enterobacter cloacae, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69(9): 5306-5318.
Hoffmann, H. & Roggenkamp, A. 2003. Population genetics of the nomenspecies Enterobacter cloacae. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69(9): 5306-5318.
Husain, D.A. & Aziz, Z.S. 2022. Short Communication: Molecular study of bacteria isolated from meat and chicken frozen from Misan Governorate market in Iraq. Biodiversitas 23(1): 81-86.
Khennouchi, N.C.E.H.; Loucif, L.; Boutefnouchet, N.; Allag, H. & Rolain, J.M. 2015. Maldi-Tof Ms as a tool to detect a nosocomial outbreak of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-and ArmA methyltransferase-producing Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates in Algeria. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59(10): 6477-6483.
Kremer, A. & Hoffmann, H. 2012. Prevalences of the Enterobacter cloacae complex and its phylogenetic derivatives in the nosocomial environment. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 31(11): 2951-2955.
Morand, P.C.; Billoet, A.; Rottman, M.; Sivadon-Tardy, V.; Eyrolle, L.; Jeanne, L.; Tazi, A.; Anract, P.; Courpied, J.P.; Poyart, C. & Dumaine, V. 2009. Specific distribution within the Enterobacter cloacae complex of strains isolated from infected orthopedic implants. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 47(8): 2489-95.
Ohad, S.; Block, C.; Kravitz, V.; Farber, A.; Pilo, S.; Breuer, R. & Rorman, E. 2014. Rapid identification of Enterobacter hormaechei and Enterobacter cloacae genetic cluster III. Journal of Applied Microbiology 116(5): 1315-21.
Overdevest, I.; Willemsen, I.; Rijnsburger, M.; Eustace, A.; Xu, L.; Hawkey, P.; Heck, M.; Savelkoul, P.; Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C.; van der Zwaluw, K.; Huijsdens, X. & Kluytmans, J. 2011. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes of Escherichia coli in chicken meat and humans. The Netherlands. Emerging Infectious Diseases 17(7):1216-1222.
Paauw, A.; Caspers, M.P.; Schuren, F.H.; Leverstein-van Hall, M.A.; Delétoile, A.; Montijn, R.C.; Verhoef, J. & Fluit, A.C. 2008. Genomic diversity within the Enterobacter cloacae complex. PLoS One 3(8): e3018.
Paauw, A.; Caspers, P.; Leverstein-van Hall, M.A.; Schuren, F.H.; Montijn, R.C.; Verhoef, J. & Fluit, A.C. 2009. Identification of resistance and virulence factors in an epidemic Enterobacter hormaechei outbreak strain. Microbiology 155(Pt5): 1478-1488.
Ranjbar, R.; Karami, A.; Farshad, S.; Giammanco, G.M. & Mammina, C. 2014. Typing methods used in the molecular epidemiology of microbial pathogens: a how-to guide. New Microbiology 37(1): 1-15.
Rice, L.B. 2008. Federal funding for the study of antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial pathogens: no ESKAPE. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 197(8): 1079-1081.
Roggenkam, A. 2007. Phylogenetic analysis of enteric species of the family Enterobacteriaceae using the oriC-locus. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 30(3): 180-188.
Singh, N.K.; Bezdan, D.; Checinska Sielaff, A.; Wheeler, K.; Mason, C.E. & Venkateswaran, K. 2018. Multi-drug resistant Enterobacter bugandensis species isolated from the International Space Station and comparative genomic analyses with human pathogenic strains. BMC Microbiology 18(1): 175.
C.O.S.Q.C. 2006. Iraqi Central Organization for Standardization and Quality Control, Iraqi Standard Criterion No.2/2270 in Sampling.
da Silva, N.; Hirotomi Taniwaki, M.; Junqueira, V.C.; Silveira, N.; do Nascimento, M.D.S. & Romeiro Gomes, R.A. 2013. Microbiological Examination Methods of Food and Water: a Laboratory Manual CRC Press.
Delmas, J.; Breysse, F.; Devulder, G.; Flandrois, J.P. & Chomarat, M. 2006. Rapid identification of enterobacteriaceae by sequencing DNA gyrase subunit B encoding gene. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 55(4): 263-268.
Guérin, F.; Isnard, C.; Sinel, C.; Morand, P.; Dhalluin, A.; Cattoir, V. & Giard, J.C. 2016 .Cluster-dependent colistin hetero-resistance in Enterobacter cloacae complex. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 71(11): 3058-3061.
Hoffmann, H. & Andreas, R.K. 2003. Population Genetics of the Nomenspecies Enterobacter cloacae, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69(9): 5306-5318.
Hoffmann, H. & Roggenkamp, A. 2003. Population genetics of the nomenspecies Enterobacter cloacae. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69(9): 5306-5318.
Husain, D.A. & Aziz, Z.S. 2022. Short Communication: Molecular study of bacteria isolated from meat and chicken frozen from Misan Governorate market in Iraq. Biodiversitas 23(1): 81-86.
Khennouchi, N.C.E.H.; Loucif, L.; Boutefnouchet, N.; Allag, H. & Rolain, J.M. 2015. Maldi-Tof Ms as a tool to detect a nosocomial outbreak of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-and ArmA methyltransferase-producing Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates in Algeria. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59(10): 6477-6483.
Kremer, A. & Hoffmann, H. 2012. Prevalences of the Enterobacter cloacae complex and its phylogenetic derivatives in the nosocomial environment. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 31(11): 2951-2955.
Morand, P.C.; Billoet, A.; Rottman, M.; Sivadon-Tardy, V.; Eyrolle, L.; Jeanne, L.; Tazi, A.; Anract, P.; Courpied, J.P.; Poyart, C. & Dumaine, V. 2009. Specific distribution within the Enterobacter cloacae complex of strains isolated from infected orthopedic implants. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 47(8): 2489-95.
Ohad, S.; Block, C.; Kravitz, V.; Farber, A.; Pilo, S.; Breuer, R. & Rorman, E. 2014. Rapid identification of Enterobacter hormaechei and Enterobacter cloacae genetic cluster III. Journal of Applied Microbiology 116(5): 1315-21.
Overdevest, I.; Willemsen, I.; Rijnsburger, M.; Eustace, A.; Xu, L.; Hawkey, P.; Heck, M.; Savelkoul, P.; Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C.; van der Zwaluw, K.; Huijsdens, X. & Kluytmans, J. 2011. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes of Escherichia coli in chicken meat and humans. The Netherlands. Emerging Infectious Diseases 17(7):1216-1222.
Paauw, A.; Caspers, M.P.; Schuren, F.H.; Leverstein-van Hall, M.A.; Delétoile, A.; Montijn, R.C.; Verhoef, J. & Fluit, A.C. 2008. Genomic diversity within the Enterobacter cloacae complex. PLoS One 3(8): e3018.
Paauw, A.; Caspers, P.; Leverstein-van Hall, M.A.; Schuren, F.H.; Montijn, R.C.; Verhoef, J. & Fluit, A.C. 2009. Identification of resistance and virulence factors in an epidemic Enterobacter hormaechei outbreak strain. Microbiology 155(Pt5): 1478-1488.
Ranjbar, R.; Karami, A.; Farshad, S.; Giammanco, G.M. & Mammina, C. 2014. Typing methods used in the molecular epidemiology of microbial pathogens: a how-to guide. New Microbiology 37(1): 1-15.
Rice, L.B. 2008. Federal funding for the study of antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial pathogens: no ESKAPE. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 197(8): 1079-1081.
Roggenkam, A. 2007. Phylogenetic analysis of enteric species of the family Enterobacteriaceae using the oriC-locus. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 30(3): 180-188.
Singh, N.K.; Bezdan, D.; Checinska Sielaff, A.; Wheeler, K.; Mason, C.E. & Venkateswaran, K. 2018. Multi-drug resistant Enterobacter bugandensis species isolated from the International Space Station and comparative genomic analyses with human pathogenic strains. BMC Microbiology 18(1): 175.