Main Article Content
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalcanoates (PHAs) are well-known biodegradable polymers produced by bacteria under certain conditions. In this study, 100 different locally bacterial isolates after cultivating ecological models on Modified Solid Nutrient Medium from samples collected from hydrocarbon contaminated soil and landfills and waste dumping places in different sites of Baghdad, Iraq. By performing a microscopic examination after staining the bacterial isolates with Gram stain, it was found that sixty-seven isolates are gram-negative. All bacterial isolates were screened for PHA production by staining using Sudan black B. PHA production was detected in twenty-three bacterial isolates. Our findings indicate that five isolates accumulated a high PHA, ranging 25-56%, with an increase in the dry-weight of cells, ranging 1.20-3.53g\100ml (in a medium containing 10gm/l glucose, pH=7; incubated at 37°C after 48hrs) were Sphingomonass paucimobilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Citrobacter braakii, C. sediakii, and Acinetobacter lowffii. Vitek test was done to support the characterization of A. lowffii as the most efficient isolate in PHA production. Extracted compound on FTIR-analysis gave characteristic C=O peak of PHA, thus, confirming the isolate to be PHA producer.
Keywords
Bioplastic
Bacterial isolates
Polyhydroxyalkanoate
FTIR
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
HAMEED, K. K., HUSSEIN, A. A., & GATEA, I. H. (2022). Identification and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates producing Acinetobacter spp. isolated from contaminated soils, landfills, and waste dumping sites in the province of Baghdad, Iraq. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 9, 196–204. Retrieved from http://www.ijichthyol.org/index.php/iji/article/view/800
References
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Al-Obaidi, A.A.H. 2015. Biodegradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) by local bacterial isolates from soil and plastic waste. A Thesis submitted to the Council of the College of Science as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in Biology University of Baghdad.
Eman, H.G. 2017. Biosynthesis and Characterization of bioplastic (Poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Local Isolate using Waste Oil. A Thesis submitted to the Council of the College of Science as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in Biotechnology University of Baghdad.
Choi, J. & Lee, S.Y. 1999. Efficient and economical recovery of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) from recombinant Escherichia coli by simple digestion with chemicals. Biotechnology and bioengineering 62: 546-553.
Du, G.; Chen, J.; Yu, J. & Lun, S. 2001. Continuous production of poly-3- hydroxybutyrate by Ralstoniaeutrophain a two stage culture system. Journal of Biotechnology 88: 59-65.
Elbahloul, Y. & Steinbuchel. 2009. A Large-scale production of poly (3-hydroxyoctanoic acid) by Pseudomonas putida GPo1 and a simplified downstream process. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75: 643-51.
Kahar, P.; Tsuge T.; Taguchi, K. & Doi, Y. 2004. High yield production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from soybean oil by Ralstonia eutropha and its recombinant strain. Polymer Degradation and Stability 83: 79-86.
Kemavongse, K.; Prasertsan, P.; Upaichit, A. & Methacanon, P. 2008. Poly-hydroxylkanoate production by halotolerant Rhodobacter sphaeroides U7. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 24: 2073-2085.
Lee, S.Y. 1996. Bacterial Polyhydroxyalkanoates. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 49: 1-14.
MacFaddin, J.F. 1985. Media for Isolation-Cultivation-Identification-Maintenance of Medical Bacteria, vol. 1, 1st ed., p. 371-372. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore.
Mandel, A.D., Wright K. and McKinnon J.M. 1964. Selective medium for isolation of mima and herellea organisms. J. Bacteriol. 88: 1524-1525.
Mindolli P.B.; Salmani, M.P.; Vishwanath, G. & Hanumanthappa, A.R. 2010. Identification and speciation of Acinetobacter and their antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Al Ameen Journal of Medical Sciences AJMS 3: 345-9.
Muheim, A. & Lerch, K. 1999. Towards a high-yield bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 51: 456-461.
Aljanabi, N.H.B. 2918. Chemical and Biological Treatment OF Plastic Waste BY Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Soil samples. University of Technology Department of Applied Science.
Ostle, A.G. & Holt, J.G. 1982. Nile blue A as a fluorescent stain for Poly-βhydroxybutyrate, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 44(1): 238-241.
Ramsay, B.A.; Lomaliza, K.; Chavarie, C.; Dube, B.; Bataille, P. & Ramsay, J.A. 1990. Production of Poly-(β-hydroxybutyric-co-β-hydroxyvaleric) acids. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 56: 2093-2098.
Ramsay, J.; Berger, E.; Ramsay, B. & Chavarie, C. 1990. Recovery of poly-3-hydroxyalkanoic acid granules by a surfactant-hypochlorite treatment. Biotechnology Techniques 4: 221-226.
Singh, G.; Mittal, A.; Kumari, A.; Goel, A.; Aggarwal, N.K. & Yadav, A. 2011. Optimization of Poly-B-Hydroxybutyrate Production from Bacillus species. European Journal of Biological Sciences 3(4): 112-116.
Steinbüchel, A. 1991. Polyhydroxyalkanoic acids. In: Byrom D (ed) Biomaterials: Novel Materials from Biological Sources. Stockton, New York, pp. 124-213.
Steinbuchel, A. & Valentin, H. 1995. Diversity of bacterial Polyhydroxyalkanoic acids. FEMS Microbiology Letters 128: 219-228.
Steinbüchel, A.; Debzi, E.M.; Marchessault, R.H. & Timm, A. 1993. Synthesis and production of poly (3-hydroxyvaleric acid) homopolymer by Chromobacterium violaceum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 39: 443-449.
Suriyamongkol, P.F.; Weselake, R.; Narine, S.; Moloney, M. & Shah, S. 2007. Biotechnological approaches for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in microorganisms and plants. A review Biotechnology Advances 25: 148-175.
Teeka, J.; Imai, T. & Cheng, X. 2010. Screening of PHA-producing bacteria using biodiesel-derived waste glycerol as a sole carbon source. Journal of Water and Environment Technology 8: 373-381.
Thellen, C.; Coyne, M.; Froio, D.; Auerbach, M.; Wirsen, C. & Ratto, J.A. 2008. A processing, characterization and marine biodegradation study of melt-extruded polyhydrox-yalkanoate (PHA) films. Journal of Polymers and the Environment 16: 1-11.
Timothy, J.M.; Christian, M.; Stefan, B. & Monika, R.M. 2009. Differential interference contrast imaging using a spatial light modulator. Optics Letters 34: 2988-2990.
Yuksedag, Z.N.; Aslim, B.; Beyadliti, X. & Mercan N. 2004. Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources and incubation time on poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthesis by Bacillus subtilis 25 and Bacillus megaterium 12. African Journal of Biotechnology 3(1): 63-66.
Zakaria, M.R.; Ariffin, H.M.; Johar, N.A.; Aziz, S.A., Nishida, H.; Shirai, Y. & Hassan, M.A. 2010. Biosynthesis and characterization of poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxybutyrate) copolymer from wild type Comamonas sp. EB172, In Polymer Degradation and Stability 95: 1382-1386.
References
Al-Obaidi, A.A.H. 2015. Biodegradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) by local bacterial isolates from soil and plastic waste. A Thesis submitted to the Council of the College of Science as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in Biology University of Baghdad.
Eman, H.G. 2017. Biosynthesis and Characterization of bioplastic (Poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Local Isolate using Waste Oil. A Thesis submitted to the Council of the College of Science as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in Biotechnology University of Baghdad.
Choi, J. & Lee, S.Y. 1999. Efficient and economical recovery of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) from recombinant Escherichia coli by simple digestion with chemicals. Biotechnology and bioengineering 62: 546-553.
Du, G.; Chen, J.; Yu, J. & Lun, S. 2001. Continuous production of poly-3- hydroxybutyrate by Ralstoniaeutrophain a two stage culture system. Journal of Biotechnology 88: 59-65.
Elbahloul, Y. & Steinbuchel. 2009. A Large-scale production of poly (3-hydroxyoctanoic acid) by Pseudomonas putida GPo1 and a simplified downstream process. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75: 643-51.
Kahar, P.; Tsuge T.; Taguchi, K. & Doi, Y. 2004. High yield production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from soybean oil by Ralstonia eutropha and its recombinant strain. Polymer Degradation and Stability 83: 79-86.
Kemavongse, K.; Prasertsan, P.; Upaichit, A. & Methacanon, P. 2008. Poly-hydroxylkanoate production by halotolerant Rhodobacter sphaeroides U7. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 24: 2073-2085.
Lee, S.Y. 1996. Bacterial Polyhydroxyalkanoates. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 49: 1-14.
MacFaddin, J.F. 1985. Media for Isolation-Cultivation-Identification-Maintenance of Medical Bacteria, vol. 1, 1st ed., p. 371-372. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore.
Mandel, A.D., Wright K. and McKinnon J.M. 1964. Selective medium for isolation of mima and herellea organisms. J. Bacteriol. 88: 1524-1525.
Mindolli P.B.; Salmani, M.P.; Vishwanath, G. & Hanumanthappa, A.R. 2010. Identification and speciation of Acinetobacter and their antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Al Ameen Journal of Medical Sciences AJMS 3: 345-9.
Muheim, A. & Lerch, K. 1999. Towards a high-yield bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 51: 456-461.
Aljanabi, N.H.B. 2918. Chemical and Biological Treatment OF Plastic Waste BY Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Soil samples. University of Technology Department of Applied Science.
Ostle, A.G. & Holt, J.G. 1982. Nile blue A as a fluorescent stain for Poly-βhydroxybutyrate, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 44(1): 238-241.
Ramsay, B.A.; Lomaliza, K.; Chavarie, C.; Dube, B.; Bataille, P. & Ramsay, J.A. 1990. Production of Poly-(β-hydroxybutyric-co-β-hydroxyvaleric) acids. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 56: 2093-2098.
Ramsay, J.; Berger, E.; Ramsay, B. & Chavarie, C. 1990. Recovery of poly-3-hydroxyalkanoic acid granules by a surfactant-hypochlorite treatment. Biotechnology Techniques 4: 221-226.
Singh, G.; Mittal, A.; Kumari, A.; Goel, A.; Aggarwal, N.K. & Yadav, A. 2011. Optimization of Poly-B-Hydroxybutyrate Production from Bacillus species. European Journal of Biological Sciences 3(4): 112-116.
Steinbüchel, A. 1991. Polyhydroxyalkanoic acids. In: Byrom D (ed) Biomaterials: Novel Materials from Biological Sources. Stockton, New York, pp. 124-213.
Steinbuchel, A. & Valentin, H. 1995. Diversity of bacterial Polyhydroxyalkanoic acids. FEMS Microbiology Letters 128: 219-228.
Steinbüchel, A.; Debzi, E.M.; Marchessault, R.H. & Timm, A. 1993. Synthesis and production of poly (3-hydroxyvaleric acid) homopolymer by Chromobacterium violaceum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 39: 443-449.
Suriyamongkol, P.F.; Weselake, R.; Narine, S.; Moloney, M. & Shah, S. 2007. Biotechnological approaches for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in microorganisms and plants. A review Biotechnology Advances 25: 148-175.
Teeka, J.; Imai, T. & Cheng, X. 2010. Screening of PHA-producing bacteria using biodiesel-derived waste glycerol as a sole carbon source. Journal of Water and Environment Technology 8: 373-381.
Thellen, C.; Coyne, M.; Froio, D.; Auerbach, M.; Wirsen, C. & Ratto, J.A. 2008. A processing, characterization and marine biodegradation study of melt-extruded polyhydrox-yalkanoate (PHA) films. Journal of Polymers and the Environment 16: 1-11.
Timothy, J.M.; Christian, M.; Stefan, B. & Monika, R.M. 2009. Differential interference contrast imaging using a spatial light modulator. Optics Letters 34: 2988-2990.
Yuksedag, Z.N.; Aslim, B.; Beyadliti, X. & Mercan N. 2004. Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources and incubation time on poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthesis by Bacillus subtilis 25 and Bacillus megaterium 12. African Journal of Biotechnology 3(1): 63-66.
Zakaria, M.R.; Ariffin, H.M.; Johar, N.A.; Aziz, S.A., Nishida, H.; Shirai, Y. & Hassan, M.A. 2010. Biosynthesis and characterization of poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxybutyrate) copolymer from wild type Comamonas sp. EB172, In Polymer Degradation and Stability 95: 1382-1386.
Eman, H.G. 2017. Biosynthesis and Characterization of bioplastic (Poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Local Isolate using Waste Oil. A Thesis submitted to the Council of the College of Science as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in Biotechnology University of Baghdad.
Choi, J. & Lee, S.Y. 1999. Efficient and economical recovery of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) from recombinant Escherichia coli by simple digestion with chemicals. Biotechnology and bioengineering 62: 546-553.
Du, G.; Chen, J.; Yu, J. & Lun, S. 2001. Continuous production of poly-3- hydroxybutyrate by Ralstoniaeutrophain a two stage culture system. Journal of Biotechnology 88: 59-65.
Elbahloul, Y. & Steinbuchel. 2009. A Large-scale production of poly (3-hydroxyoctanoic acid) by Pseudomonas putida GPo1 and a simplified downstream process. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75: 643-51.
Kahar, P.; Tsuge T.; Taguchi, K. & Doi, Y. 2004. High yield production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from soybean oil by Ralstonia eutropha and its recombinant strain. Polymer Degradation and Stability 83: 79-86.
Kemavongse, K.; Prasertsan, P.; Upaichit, A. & Methacanon, P. 2008. Poly-hydroxylkanoate production by halotolerant Rhodobacter sphaeroides U7. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 24: 2073-2085.
Lee, S.Y. 1996. Bacterial Polyhydroxyalkanoates. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 49: 1-14.
MacFaddin, J.F. 1985. Media for Isolation-Cultivation-Identification-Maintenance of Medical Bacteria, vol. 1, 1st ed., p. 371-372. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore.
Mandel, A.D., Wright K. and McKinnon J.M. 1964. Selective medium for isolation of mima and herellea organisms. J. Bacteriol. 88: 1524-1525.
Mindolli P.B.; Salmani, M.P.; Vishwanath, G. & Hanumanthappa, A.R. 2010. Identification and speciation of Acinetobacter and their antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Al Ameen Journal of Medical Sciences AJMS 3: 345-9.
Muheim, A. & Lerch, K. 1999. Towards a high-yield bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 51: 456-461.
Aljanabi, N.H.B. 2918. Chemical and Biological Treatment OF Plastic Waste BY Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Soil samples. University of Technology Department of Applied Science.
Ostle, A.G. & Holt, J.G. 1982. Nile blue A as a fluorescent stain for Poly-βhydroxybutyrate, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 44(1): 238-241.
Ramsay, B.A.; Lomaliza, K.; Chavarie, C.; Dube, B.; Bataille, P. & Ramsay, J.A. 1990. Production of Poly-(β-hydroxybutyric-co-β-hydroxyvaleric) acids. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 56: 2093-2098.
Ramsay, J.; Berger, E.; Ramsay, B. & Chavarie, C. 1990. Recovery of poly-3-hydroxyalkanoic acid granules by a surfactant-hypochlorite treatment. Biotechnology Techniques 4: 221-226.
Singh, G.; Mittal, A.; Kumari, A.; Goel, A.; Aggarwal, N.K. & Yadav, A. 2011. Optimization of Poly-B-Hydroxybutyrate Production from Bacillus species. European Journal of Biological Sciences 3(4): 112-116.
Steinbüchel, A. 1991. Polyhydroxyalkanoic acids. In: Byrom D (ed) Biomaterials: Novel Materials from Biological Sources. Stockton, New York, pp. 124-213.
Steinbuchel, A. & Valentin, H. 1995. Diversity of bacterial Polyhydroxyalkanoic acids. FEMS Microbiology Letters 128: 219-228.
Steinbüchel, A.; Debzi, E.M.; Marchessault, R.H. & Timm, A. 1993. Synthesis and production of poly (3-hydroxyvaleric acid) homopolymer by Chromobacterium violaceum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 39: 443-449.
Suriyamongkol, P.F.; Weselake, R.; Narine, S.; Moloney, M. & Shah, S. 2007. Biotechnological approaches for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in microorganisms and plants. A review Biotechnology Advances 25: 148-175.
Teeka, J.; Imai, T. & Cheng, X. 2010. Screening of PHA-producing bacteria using biodiesel-derived waste glycerol as a sole carbon source. Journal of Water and Environment Technology 8: 373-381.
Thellen, C.; Coyne, M.; Froio, D.; Auerbach, M.; Wirsen, C. & Ratto, J.A. 2008. A processing, characterization and marine biodegradation study of melt-extruded polyhydrox-yalkanoate (PHA) films. Journal of Polymers and the Environment 16: 1-11.
Timothy, J.M.; Christian, M.; Stefan, B. & Monika, R.M. 2009. Differential interference contrast imaging using a spatial light modulator. Optics Letters 34: 2988-2990.
Yuksedag, Z.N.; Aslim, B.; Beyadliti, X. & Mercan N. 2004. Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources and incubation time on poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthesis by Bacillus subtilis 25 and Bacillus megaterium 12. African Journal of Biotechnology 3(1): 63-66.
Zakaria, M.R.; Ariffin, H.M.; Johar, N.A.; Aziz, S.A., Nishida, H.; Shirai, Y. & Hassan, M.A. 2010. Biosynthesis and characterization of poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxybutyrate) copolymer from wild type Comamonas sp. EB172, In Polymer Degradation and Stability 95: 1382-1386.