Main Article Content
Abstract
The Snakeskin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) from Sungai Batang swamp, Indonesia has high commercial value and high pressure on population due to fishing, while the fish growth condition is poorly studied. A total of 848 fish ranging 75-200mm (119.14±18.43mm) (TL) and 5-132g (29.76±14.76g) were sampled to estimate its length-weight relationship and condition factors. Local fishermen mostly collected them using horizontal gill-net and also electrofishing device. Based on the results, the Snakeskin gourami grow allometrically (b=2.7748-2.8971), indicating that fish becomes slender as the length increases. Total length and weight of female were significantly higher than those of male (P<0.001). More than 21% of total catch was in 105-114 mm TL, and more than 34% existed 15-24g weight classes. No difference was observed in the percentage of catch number between male and female, as well as in condition factor (K) (P>0.05). The mean K values for male and female were 1.64±0.24 and 1.66±0.21, respectively, indicating that fish in the swamp is in good condition.
Keywords
Allometric
Condition factor
Sungai Batang
Weight-length.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
AHMADI, A. (2021). Morphometric characteristic and condition factor of snakeskin Gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) from Sungai Batang Swamp, Indonesia. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 8(1), 19–29. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v8i1.301
References
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Ahmadi. 2012. An introduction of light traps for sampling freshwater shrimp and fish in the Barito River, South Kalimantan. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 7(2): 173-182.
Ahmadi. & Rizani, A. 2013. Light traps fishing in Sungai Sipai flood swamp of Indonesia: Recommendations for future study. Kasetsart University Fisheries Research Bulletin 37(2): 17-30.
Ahmadi.; Muhammad. & Lilimantik, E. 2018. Phototactic response of climbing perch Anabas testudineus to different colors and light pattern of LED light traps. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation- International Journal of the Bioflux Society 11(3): 678-689
Ali, A.B. 1990. Some ecological aspects of fish populations in tropical ricefields. Hydrobiologia 190(3): 215-222
Aminah, S. & Ahmadi. 2018. Experimental Fishing with LED Light Traps for Three-spot gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus) in Martapura, Indonesia. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 6(1): 37-42
Amornsakun, T.; Sriwatana, W. & Promkaew, P. 2004. Some aspects in early life stage of Siamese gourami, Trichogaster pectoralis (Regan) larvae. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology 26: 347-356
Awasth, M.; Kashyap, A. & Serajuddin, M. 2015. Length-weight relationship and condition factor of five sub-populations of Trichogaster lalius (Osphronemidae) of Central and Eastern Regions of India. Journal of Ichthyology 55(6): 849-853.
Arenas, P. & Acero, A. 1992. Presencia del gourami piel de Culebra Trichogaster pectoralis (Regan, 1910) (Perciformes: Belontiidae), en la región de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Caribe Colombiano. Memorias del VIII Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias y las Tecnologias del Mar y Congreso Centroamericano y del Caribe en Ciencias del Mar. Santa Marta, Octubre 26-30., pp. 491-500.
Arimoro, F.O. & Meye, J.A. 2007. Some aspects of the biology of Macrobrachium dux (Lenz, 1910) (crustacea: decapoda: natantia) in river Orogodo, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Acta Biologica Colombiana 12: 111-122
Baishya, S.; Kalita, K.; Phukan, B.; Dutta, M.P. & Bordoloi, R. 2012. Growth performance of Snakeskin gourami, Trichogaster pectoralis (Regan, 1910) through weaning strategies. The Bioscan 7(3): 553-556
Bagenal, T. 1978. Methods for assessment of fish production in freshwaters. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publication. Oxford, London, p. 365.
Barnham, C. & Baxter, A. 1998. Condition Factor, K, for Salmonid Fish. Fisheries Notes 1-3.
Boonsom, J. 1984. Zooplankton feeding in the fish Trichogaster pectoralis Regan. Hydrobiologia 113(1): 217-221
Chesoh, S.; Sihiranwong, A. & Angsuphanit, A. 1995. Nursing of snake-skined gourami, Trichogaster pectoralis (Regan) in cement tank from the size of 1 inch to 2 and 3 inches. AGRIS 48(4): 319-329.
Dematawewa, C.M.B.; Wickremasinghe, E.S. & Edirisinghe, U. 2008. Some effects of seasonal hydro-climatic factors on catchability of fish in minor-perennial Sorabora reservoir, Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Journal of Animal Production 9: 39-53.
Froese, R. 2006. Cube law, condition factor and weight-length relationships: history, meta-analysis and recommendations. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 22: 241-253.
Garcia, L.M.B. 2010. Species composition and length-weight relationship of fishes in the Candaba wetland on Luzon Island, Philippines. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 26: 946-948.
Ghorbani, A.; Salamatdoustnobar, R.; Ghaem, M.S.S. & Motallebi, V. 2012. The effect of different levels of prebiotic on the length of fingerling rainbow trout. African Journal of Biotechnology 11(36): 8928-8931.
Gu, H.; Yu, Z.; Wang, G.; Ju, Q.; Yang, C. & Fan, C. 2015. Impact of climate change on hydrological extremes in the Yangtze River Basin, China. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 29: 693-707.
Hossain, M.Y.; Sayed, S.R.M.; Rahman, M.; Ali, M.M.; Hossen, M.A.; Elgorban, A.M.; Ahmed, Z.F. & Ohtomi, J. 2015. Length-weight relationships of nine fish species from the Tetulia River, southern Bangladesh. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 31: 967-969.
Irhamsyah.; Ahmadi. & Rusmilyansari. 2017. Fish and fishing gears of the Bangkau Swamp, Indonesia. Journal of Fisheries 5(2): 489-496.
Ismail, S.N.; Abd Hamid, M. & Mansor, M. 2018. Ecology, diversity and seasonal distribution of wild mushrooms in a Nigerian tropical forest reserve. Biodiversitas 19: 279-284
Jintasataporn, O. & Chumkam, S. 2017. Effects of biofloc in Snakeskin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis Regan) culture system on growth performance and fillet quality. In: Symposium Proceedings, No. 07003. The JSFS 85th Anniversary-Commemorative International Symposium in Fisheries Science for Future Generations. pp. 1-2
Jumawan, J.C. & Seronay, R.A. 2017. Length-weight relationships of fishes in eight floodplain Lakes of Agusan Marsh, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science 146(1): 95-99.
Kalita, B.; Sarma, S.R. & Deka, P. 2016. A Comparison on Length-Weight relationship and relative condition factor of two species of Trichogaster of Nitai Beel of Kamrup District of Assam, India. International Journal of Zoology Studies 1(3): 9-12.
Kaewsritong, C.; Seehirunwong, S.; Uraiprasit, J. & Khoowkheaw, W. 2009. Some biological aspects of Pearl Gourami, Trichogaster leerii (Bleeker, 1852) in Toh Daeng Peatswamp, Narathiwat Province. Technical Paper No. 8/2552, p. 37
Khan, S.; Khan, M.A.; Miyan, K. & Mubark, M. 2011. Length-weight relationship for nine freshwater teleosts collected from River Ganga, India. International Journal of Zoology Research 7(6): 401-405.
Khan, M.A.; Khan, S. & Miyan, K. 2012. Studies on length-weight and length-length relationships of four freshwater fishes collected from River Ganga. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 7(6): 481-484.
Khairul, A.A.R.; Daud, S.K.; Siraj, S.S.; Arshad, A.; Esa, Y. & Ibrahim, E.R. 2009. Freshwater fish diversity and composition in Batang Kerang Floodplain, Balai Ringin, Sarawak. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 32(1): 7-16
Kleanthids, P.K.; Sinis, A.I. & Stergiou, K.I. 1999. Length-weight relationships of freshwater fishes in Greece. Naga, ICLARM Quarterly 22: 37-41
Lawson, E.O. 2011. Length-weight relationships and fecundity estimates in mudskipper Periophthalmus papilio (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) caught from the mangrove swamps of Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria. Cannadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6: 264-271.
Lee, S.W.; Farhan, R.; Wee, W.; Wan Zahari, M. & Ibrahim, C.O. 2016. The effects of tropical almond Terminalia catappa L., leaf extract on breeding activity of Siamese Gourami, Trichogaster pectoralis. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 4(4): 431-433
Morioka, S. 2018. Research on indigenous fish species in Lao PDR: A Review of investigations into aquaculture development, fisheries management and conservation. International Journal of Oceanography and Aquaculture 2(1): 000125.
Moses, B.S.; Udoidiong, O.M. & Okaon, A.O. 2002. A statistical survey of the artisanal fisheries of south-eastern Nigeria and the influence of hydro climatic factors on catch and resource productivity. Fisheries Research 57(3): 267-278.
Nash, R.D.; Valencia, A.H. & Geffen, A.J. 2006. The origin of Fulton’s condition factor-setting the record straight. Fisheries 31(5): 236-238.
Ninwichian, P.; Phuwan, N.; Jakpim, K. & Sae-Lim, P. 2018. Effects of tank color on the growth, stress responses, and skin color of Snakeskin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis). Aquaculture International 26(2): 659-672
Paepke, H.J. 2009. The nomenclature of Trichopodus pectoralis Regan, 1910; Trichopus cantoris Sauvage, 1884 and Osphronemus saigonensis Borodin, 1930 (Teleostei: Perciformes: Osphronemidae). Vertebrate Zoology 59(1): 53-60.
Paperna, I.; Ventura, T.M. & de matos, A.P. 1987. Lymphocystis infection in Snakeskin gourami, Trichogaster pectoralis (Regan), (Anabantidae). Journal of Fish Diseases 10(1): 10-19.
Paswan, G.; Abujam, S.K.S.; Dey, M. & Biswas, S.P. 2012. Length-Weight Relationship of two species of trichogaster (Calisa) from Brahmaputra Basin of Assam. Journal of Biology Innovation 1(1): 6-13.
Patrick, A.E.S.; Kuganathan, S. & Edirisinghe, U. 2015. Effects of hydro-climatic fluctuations on catchability of fish in Vavuniya reservoir, Sri Lanka. Tropical Agricultural Research 26(2): 402-408.
Pauly, D., 1983. Some simple methods for the assessment of tropical fish stocks. FAO Fisheries Tech. Pap., FAO. Rome, 234, p. 52
Petsut, N.; Kulabtong, S. & Petsut, J. 2013. Preliminary survey of freshwater fishes from acid soil area in upstream of Bangpakong River, Nakhon Nayok Province, Thailand. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 3(1): 33-36
Saikia, A.K., Abujam, S.K.S. & Biswas, S.P. 2012. Food and Feeding habit of Channa punctatus (Bloch) from the paddy field of Sivsagar District, Assam. Bulletin of Environment Pharmacology and Life Science 1(5): 10-15
Satrawaha, R. & Pilasamorn, C. 2009. Length-weight and length-length relationships of fish species from the Chi River, northeastern Thailand. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 25(6): 787-788.
Sidthimunka, A. 1973. Length-weight relationships of freshwater fishes of Thailand. International Center for Aquaculture Research and Development Series No. 3. Project: A.I.D./csd 2270. Task Order No. 9, p.25
Senguttuvan M. & Shivakumar A.A. 2012. Length weight relationship and condition factor of Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793) and Channa striata (Bloch, 1793) in Ukkadam Lake, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Fishery Technology 49(2): 219-221.
Talde, C.M.; Mamaril Sr, A.C. & Palomares, M.L.D. 2008. Composition and length-weight relationships of fishes in the three floodplain lakes of Agusan Marsh Wildlife Santuary. Asian Fisheries Sciences 21: 55-65
Tampubolon, P.A.R.P. & Rahardjo, M.F. 2011. Spawning aspects of Snakeskin gourami, Trichogaster pectoralis, Regan 1910 in Lake Taliwang, West Nusa Tenggara. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia 11(2): 135-142
Tan, S.K.; Tan, S.G. & Gan, Y.Y. 1980. Liver Esterase Polymorphisms in Sepat Siam (Trichogaster pectoralis). Pertanika 3(2): 92-96
Tansatit, T.; Sobhon, P.; Sahaphong, S.; Sangsuriya, P. & Klinsrithong, S. 2014. Prevalence and histopathology of Trichogaster pectoralis harbouring Metacercaria of Clinostomum piscidium (Southwell and Prashad, 1918) in Central Thailand. The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine 44(2): 223-230
Tate, M.; McGoran, R.E.; White, C.R. & Portugal, S.J. 2017. Life in a bubble: the role of the labyrinth organ in determining territory, mating and aggressive behaviours in anabantoids. Journal of Fish Biology 91(3): 721-1006
Vidthayanon, C. 2012. Trichopodus pectoralis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T188087A1852593. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T188087A1852593.en. Down loaded on 8 August 2018.
Vicentin, W.; Costa, F.E.D.S. & Suarez, Y.R. 2012. Length-weight relationships and length at first maturity for fish species in the upper Miranda River, southern Pantanal wetland, Brazil. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 28(1): 143-145.
Weatherley, A.H. & Gill, H.S. 1987. The biology of fish growth. Academic Press, London. 443 p.
Weatherley, A.H. 1972. Growth and Ecology of Fish Populations. Academic Press, London. 293 p.
Widodo, M.S.; Marsoedi, Susilawati, T. & Agung Permana, W.M. 2013. Maturity level and somatic index of Gonado at dwarf Snakehead (Channa gachua) during January to December 2009. Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Research 3(3): 387-393
Wijeyaratne, M.J.S. & Perera, W.M.D.S.K. 2000. Population dynamics of potential fish species for exploitation in presently under developed fisheries of some perennial reservoirs in Sri Lanka. ACIAR Proceedings. pp: 188-200.
Yoonpundh, R. & Little, D. 1997. Trends in the farming of the Snakeskin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) in Thailand. Naga, the ICLARM Quarterly 18-19.
References
Ahmadi. 2012. An introduction of light traps for sampling freshwater shrimp and fish in the Barito River, South Kalimantan. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 7(2): 173-182.
Ahmadi. & Rizani, A. 2013. Light traps fishing in Sungai Sipai flood swamp of Indonesia: Recommendations for future study. Kasetsart University Fisheries Research Bulletin 37(2): 17-30.
Ahmadi.; Muhammad. & Lilimantik, E. 2018. Phototactic response of climbing perch Anabas testudineus to different colors and light pattern of LED light traps. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation- International Journal of the Bioflux Society 11(3): 678-689
Ali, A.B. 1990. Some ecological aspects of fish populations in tropical ricefields. Hydrobiologia 190(3): 215-222
Aminah, S. & Ahmadi. 2018. Experimental Fishing with LED Light Traps for Three-spot gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus) in Martapura, Indonesia. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 6(1): 37-42
Amornsakun, T.; Sriwatana, W. & Promkaew, P. 2004. Some aspects in early life stage of Siamese gourami, Trichogaster pectoralis (Regan) larvae. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology 26: 347-356
Awasth, M.; Kashyap, A. & Serajuddin, M. 2015. Length-weight relationship and condition factor of five sub-populations of Trichogaster lalius (Osphronemidae) of Central and Eastern Regions of India. Journal of Ichthyology 55(6): 849-853.
Arenas, P. & Acero, A. 1992. Presencia del gourami piel de Culebra Trichogaster pectoralis (Regan, 1910) (Perciformes: Belontiidae), en la región de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Caribe Colombiano. Memorias del VIII Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias y las Tecnologias del Mar y Congreso Centroamericano y del Caribe en Ciencias del Mar. Santa Marta, Octubre 26-30., pp. 491-500.
Arimoro, F.O. & Meye, J.A. 2007. Some aspects of the biology of Macrobrachium dux (Lenz, 1910) (crustacea: decapoda: natantia) in river Orogodo, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Acta Biologica Colombiana 12: 111-122
Baishya, S.; Kalita, K.; Phukan, B.; Dutta, M.P. & Bordoloi, R. 2012. Growth performance of Snakeskin gourami, Trichogaster pectoralis (Regan, 1910) through weaning strategies. The Bioscan 7(3): 553-556
Bagenal, T. 1978. Methods for assessment of fish production in freshwaters. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publication. Oxford, London, p. 365.
Barnham, C. & Baxter, A. 1998. Condition Factor, K, for Salmonid Fish. Fisheries Notes 1-3.
Boonsom, J. 1984. Zooplankton feeding in the fish Trichogaster pectoralis Regan. Hydrobiologia 113(1): 217-221
Chesoh, S.; Sihiranwong, A. & Angsuphanit, A. 1995. Nursing of snake-skined gourami, Trichogaster pectoralis (Regan) in cement tank from the size of 1 inch to 2 and 3 inches. AGRIS 48(4): 319-329.
Dematawewa, C.M.B.; Wickremasinghe, E.S. & Edirisinghe, U. 2008. Some effects of seasonal hydro-climatic factors on catchability of fish in minor-perennial Sorabora reservoir, Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Journal of Animal Production 9: 39-53.
Froese, R. 2006. Cube law, condition factor and weight-length relationships: history, meta-analysis and recommendations. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 22: 241-253.
Garcia, L.M.B. 2010. Species composition and length-weight relationship of fishes in the Candaba wetland on Luzon Island, Philippines. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 26: 946-948.
Ghorbani, A.; Salamatdoustnobar, R.; Ghaem, M.S.S. & Motallebi, V. 2012. The effect of different levels of prebiotic on the length of fingerling rainbow trout. African Journal of Biotechnology 11(36): 8928-8931.
Gu, H.; Yu, Z.; Wang, G.; Ju, Q.; Yang, C. & Fan, C. 2015. Impact of climate change on hydrological extremes in the Yangtze River Basin, China. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 29: 693-707.
Hossain, M.Y.; Sayed, S.R.M.; Rahman, M.; Ali, M.M.; Hossen, M.A.; Elgorban, A.M.; Ahmed, Z.F. & Ohtomi, J. 2015. Length-weight relationships of nine fish species from the Tetulia River, southern Bangladesh. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 31: 967-969.
Irhamsyah.; Ahmadi. & Rusmilyansari. 2017. Fish and fishing gears of the Bangkau Swamp, Indonesia. Journal of Fisheries 5(2): 489-496.
Ismail, S.N.; Abd Hamid, M. & Mansor, M. 2018. Ecology, diversity and seasonal distribution of wild mushrooms in a Nigerian tropical forest reserve. Biodiversitas 19: 279-284
Jintasataporn, O. & Chumkam, S. 2017. Effects of biofloc in Snakeskin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis Regan) culture system on growth performance and fillet quality. In: Symposium Proceedings, No. 07003. The JSFS 85th Anniversary-Commemorative International Symposium in Fisheries Science for Future Generations. pp. 1-2
Jumawan, J.C. & Seronay, R.A. 2017. Length-weight relationships of fishes in eight floodplain Lakes of Agusan Marsh, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science 146(1): 95-99.
Kalita, B.; Sarma, S.R. & Deka, P. 2016. A Comparison on Length-Weight relationship and relative condition factor of two species of Trichogaster of Nitai Beel of Kamrup District of Assam, India. International Journal of Zoology Studies 1(3): 9-12.
Kaewsritong, C.; Seehirunwong, S.; Uraiprasit, J. & Khoowkheaw, W. 2009. Some biological aspects of Pearl Gourami, Trichogaster leerii (Bleeker, 1852) in Toh Daeng Peatswamp, Narathiwat Province. Technical Paper No. 8/2552, p. 37
Khan, S.; Khan, M.A.; Miyan, K. & Mubark, M. 2011. Length-weight relationship for nine freshwater teleosts collected from River Ganga, India. International Journal of Zoology Research 7(6): 401-405.
Khan, M.A.; Khan, S. & Miyan, K. 2012. Studies on length-weight and length-length relationships of four freshwater fishes collected from River Ganga. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 7(6): 481-484.
Khairul, A.A.R.; Daud, S.K.; Siraj, S.S.; Arshad, A.; Esa, Y. & Ibrahim, E.R. 2009. Freshwater fish diversity and composition in Batang Kerang Floodplain, Balai Ringin, Sarawak. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 32(1): 7-16
Kleanthids, P.K.; Sinis, A.I. & Stergiou, K.I. 1999. Length-weight relationships of freshwater fishes in Greece. Naga, ICLARM Quarterly 22: 37-41
Lawson, E.O. 2011. Length-weight relationships and fecundity estimates in mudskipper Periophthalmus papilio (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) caught from the mangrove swamps of Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria. Cannadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6: 264-271.
Lee, S.W.; Farhan, R.; Wee, W.; Wan Zahari, M. & Ibrahim, C.O. 2016. The effects of tropical almond Terminalia catappa L., leaf extract on breeding activity of Siamese Gourami, Trichogaster pectoralis. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 4(4): 431-433
Morioka, S. 2018. Research on indigenous fish species in Lao PDR: A Review of investigations into aquaculture development, fisheries management and conservation. International Journal of Oceanography and Aquaculture 2(1): 000125.
Moses, B.S.; Udoidiong, O.M. & Okaon, A.O. 2002. A statistical survey of the artisanal fisheries of south-eastern Nigeria and the influence of hydro climatic factors on catch and resource productivity. Fisheries Research 57(3): 267-278.
Nash, R.D.; Valencia, A.H. & Geffen, A.J. 2006. The origin of Fulton’s condition factor-setting the record straight. Fisheries 31(5): 236-238.
Ninwichian, P.; Phuwan, N.; Jakpim, K. & Sae-Lim, P. 2018. Effects of tank color on the growth, stress responses, and skin color of Snakeskin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis). Aquaculture International 26(2): 659-672
Paepke, H.J. 2009. The nomenclature of Trichopodus pectoralis Regan, 1910; Trichopus cantoris Sauvage, 1884 and Osphronemus saigonensis Borodin, 1930 (Teleostei: Perciformes: Osphronemidae). Vertebrate Zoology 59(1): 53-60.
Paperna, I.; Ventura, T.M. & de matos, A.P. 1987. Lymphocystis infection in Snakeskin gourami, Trichogaster pectoralis (Regan), (Anabantidae). Journal of Fish Diseases 10(1): 10-19.
Paswan, G.; Abujam, S.K.S.; Dey, M. & Biswas, S.P. 2012. Length-Weight Relationship of two species of trichogaster (Calisa) from Brahmaputra Basin of Assam. Journal of Biology Innovation 1(1): 6-13.
Patrick, A.E.S.; Kuganathan, S. & Edirisinghe, U. 2015. Effects of hydro-climatic fluctuations on catchability of fish in Vavuniya reservoir, Sri Lanka. Tropical Agricultural Research 26(2): 402-408.
Pauly, D., 1983. Some simple methods for the assessment of tropical fish stocks. FAO Fisheries Tech. Pap., FAO. Rome, 234, p. 52
Petsut, N.; Kulabtong, S. & Petsut, J. 2013. Preliminary survey of freshwater fishes from acid soil area in upstream of Bangpakong River, Nakhon Nayok Province, Thailand. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 3(1): 33-36
Saikia, A.K., Abujam, S.K.S. & Biswas, S.P. 2012. Food and Feeding habit of Channa punctatus (Bloch) from the paddy field of Sivsagar District, Assam. Bulletin of Environment Pharmacology and Life Science 1(5): 10-15
Satrawaha, R. & Pilasamorn, C. 2009. Length-weight and length-length relationships of fish species from the Chi River, northeastern Thailand. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 25(6): 787-788.
Sidthimunka, A. 1973. Length-weight relationships of freshwater fishes of Thailand. International Center for Aquaculture Research and Development Series No. 3. Project: A.I.D./csd 2270. Task Order No. 9, p.25
Senguttuvan M. & Shivakumar A.A. 2012. Length weight relationship and condition factor of Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793) and Channa striata (Bloch, 1793) in Ukkadam Lake, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Fishery Technology 49(2): 219-221.
Talde, C.M.; Mamaril Sr, A.C. & Palomares, M.L.D. 2008. Composition and length-weight relationships of fishes in the three floodplain lakes of Agusan Marsh Wildlife Santuary. Asian Fisheries Sciences 21: 55-65
Tampubolon, P.A.R.P. & Rahardjo, M.F. 2011. Spawning aspects of Snakeskin gourami, Trichogaster pectoralis, Regan 1910 in Lake Taliwang, West Nusa Tenggara. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia 11(2): 135-142
Tan, S.K.; Tan, S.G. & Gan, Y.Y. 1980. Liver Esterase Polymorphisms in Sepat Siam (Trichogaster pectoralis). Pertanika 3(2): 92-96
Tansatit, T.; Sobhon, P.; Sahaphong, S.; Sangsuriya, P. & Klinsrithong, S. 2014. Prevalence and histopathology of Trichogaster pectoralis harbouring Metacercaria of Clinostomum piscidium (Southwell and Prashad, 1918) in Central Thailand. The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine 44(2): 223-230
Tate, M.; McGoran, R.E.; White, C.R. & Portugal, S.J. 2017. Life in a bubble: the role of the labyrinth organ in determining territory, mating and aggressive behaviours in anabantoids. Journal of Fish Biology 91(3): 721-1006
Vidthayanon, C. 2012. Trichopodus pectoralis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T188087A1852593. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T188087A1852593.en. Down loaded on 8 August 2018.
Vicentin, W.; Costa, F.E.D.S. & Suarez, Y.R. 2012. Length-weight relationships and length at first maturity for fish species in the upper Miranda River, southern Pantanal wetland, Brazil. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 28(1): 143-145.
Weatherley, A.H. & Gill, H.S. 1987. The biology of fish growth. Academic Press, London. 443 p.
Weatherley, A.H. 1972. Growth and Ecology of Fish Populations. Academic Press, London. 293 p.
Widodo, M.S.; Marsoedi, Susilawati, T. & Agung Permana, W.M. 2013. Maturity level and somatic index of Gonado at dwarf Snakehead (Channa gachua) during January to December 2009. Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Research 3(3): 387-393
Wijeyaratne, M.J.S. & Perera, W.M.D.S.K. 2000. Population dynamics of potential fish species for exploitation in presently under developed fisheries of some perennial reservoirs in Sri Lanka. ACIAR Proceedings. pp: 188-200.
Yoonpundh, R. & Little, D. 1997. Trends in the farming of the Snakeskin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) in Thailand. Naga, the ICLARM Quarterly 18-19.
Ahmadi. & Rizani, A. 2013. Light traps fishing in Sungai Sipai flood swamp of Indonesia: Recommendations for future study. Kasetsart University Fisheries Research Bulletin 37(2): 17-30.
Ahmadi.; Muhammad. & Lilimantik, E. 2018. Phototactic response of climbing perch Anabas testudineus to different colors and light pattern of LED light traps. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation- International Journal of the Bioflux Society 11(3): 678-689
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