Main Article Content
Abstract
The small, cryptic, blotched triplefin, Enneapterygius ventermaculus (Tripterygiidae), is reported based on 10 specimens collected at the Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf, Iran, in February 2021. The identification was confirmed using integrated morphological and molecular methods. Enneapterygius ventermaculus is characterized by its dorsal-fin rays III+XII-XIII+9-10; anal-fin rays I,17; pectoral-fins rays 14; lateral line with 13 pored and 22-26 notched scales, starting from the second scale row below the end of the pored series; total lateral scale rows 35-39; transverse scale rows 2+1+6; mandibular pores 3+1+3. Enneapterygius ventermaculus is distinguished from the similar species, E. pusillus by having a lower total number of anal-fin soft rays (17 vs. 20-21), a higher number of total lateral scale rows (35-39 vs. 29-30), a higher number of transverse scale rows (2/6 vs. 2/4), and a different number of mandibular pores (3+1+3 vs. 2+2+2). The morphological identification was confirmed by a molecular analysis based on mitochondrial COI barcode region sequences. Enneapterygius ventermaculus showed a sister-group relationship to E. pusillus. An average K2P genetic distance of 21.5% also supported the closer phylogenetic relationship of the two species.
Keywords
Western Indian Ocean
Triplefins
Mitochondrial COI sequence
, Morphology-based identification
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
ESMAEILI, H. R., ZAREI, F., SHOLEH, V., SADEGHI, Y., SADEGHI, R., & FRICKE, R. (2022). Morphological analysis and DNA barcoding confirm presence of a cryptic fish species, the blotched triplefin, Enneapterygius ventermaculus (Teleostei: Blenniiformes: Tripterygiidae), at Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 9(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v9i1.791
References
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Bishop, J. 2003. History and current checklist of Kuwait's ichthyofauna. Journal of Arid Environments 54(1): 237-256.
Bruford, M.W.; Hanotte, O.; Brookfield, J.F.Y. & Burke, T.A. 1992. Single locus and multilocus DNA fingerprinting. In Hoezel, C. (Ed.), Molecular Genetics Analysis of Populations: A Practical Approach. New York, Oxford University Press. pp: 225-269.
Carpenter, K.E.; Krupp, F.; Jones, D.A. & Zajonz, U. 1997. FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. The living marine resources of Kuwait, Eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome. 293 p., 17 colour plates.
Darriba, D.; Taboada, G.L.; Doallo, R. & Posada, D. 2012. jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods 9(8): 772-772.
Eagderi, S.; Fricke, R.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Jalili, P. 2019. Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf: diversity and conservation status. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 6: 1-171.
Fricke, R. 1983. A method of counting caudal fin rays of actinopterygian fishes. Braunschweiger Naturkundliche Schriften 1(4): 729-733.
Fricke, R. 1994a. Tripterygiid fishes of the genus Enneapterygius from Bali, Indonesia, with descriptions of two new species (Teleostei: Blennioidei). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde: Serie A (Biologie) 512: 1-13.
Fricke, R. 1997. Tripterygiid Fishes of the Western and Central Pacific, with Descriptions of 15 New Species, Including an Annotated Checklist of World Tripterygiidae (Teleostei). [Theses Zoologicae v. 29]. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein i-ix + 1-607.
Fricke, R. 2017. Enneapterygius niue, a new species of triplefin from Niue and Samoa, southwestern Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Tripterygiidae). Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation 25: 14-32.
Fricke, R. 1994b. Tripterygiid Fishes of Australia, New Zealand and the Southwest Pacific Ocean, With Descriptions of 2 Vew Genera and 16 New Species (Teleostei). [Theses Zoologicae v. 24]. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein i-ix + 1-585.
Fricke, R.; Eschmeyer, W. & Fong, J.D. 2022a. Genera/species by family/subfamily in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Available from: https://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/SpeciesByFamily.asp (accessed on 02 Feb. 2022).
Fricke, R.; Eschmeyer, W. & van der Laan, R. 2022a. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Available from: https://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp (accessed on 02 Feb. 2022).
Holleman, W. & Bogorodsky, S.V. 2012. A review of the blennioid fish family Tripterygiidae (Perciformes) in the Red Sea, with description of Enneapterygius qirmiz, and reinstatement of Enneapterygius altipinnis Clark, 1980. Zootaxa 3152(1): 36-60.
Holleman, W. 1982. Three new species and a new genus of tripterygiid fishes (Blennioidei) from the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums (Natural History) 14(4): 109-137.
Holleman, W. 2005. A review of the triplefin fish genus Enneapterygius (Blennioidei: Tripterygiidae) in the Western Indian Ocean, with descriptions of four new species. Smithiana Bulletin 5: 1-25.
Jawad, L.A.; Nithyanandan, M.; Raja, D.K.; Kesavan, R. & Pereira, D. 2015. First record of the pixie triplefin Enneapterygius pusillus (Pisces: Tripterygiidae) and confirmation of the presence of cheekspot blenny Parablennius opercularis (Blenniidae) in the north Arabian Gulf. Marine Biodiversity Records 8(8): 1-4.
Kovačić, M.; Sadeghi, R. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2020. New species of Silhouettea (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Qeshm Island, Iran and the DNA barcoding of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea gobies. Zootaxa 4750(1): 49-66.
Kumar, S.; Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. 2016. MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 33(7): 1870-1874.
Laan, R. van der.; Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fricke, R. 2014. Family-group names of recent fishes. Zootaxa 3883(2): 1-230.
Mehraban, H. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2018. Comb-tooth blennies of the intertidal zones of Persian Gulf and Makran Sea: morphology, taxonomy, distribution and conservation status (Blenniiformes: Blenniidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 5(3): 192-211.
Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C. & Wilson, M.V. 2016. Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, i-xli + 1-707.
Randall, J.E. 1995. Coastal Fishes of Oman. Crawford House Publishing, Bathurst, i-xvi + 1-439.
Ronquist, F.; Teslenko, M.; Van Der Mark, P.; Ayres, D.L.; Darling, A.; Höhna, S. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. 2012. MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61(3): 539-542.
Sadeghi, R. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2019a. Cocos Frillgoby, Bathygobius cocosensis (Bleeker, 1854): an additional fish element for the Iranian marine waters (Teleostei: Gobiidae). International Journal of Aquatic Biology 7(3): 117-122.
Sadeghi, R. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2019b. First documentation of an uncommon goby genus and species, Palutrus scapulopunctatus (de Beaufort, 1912) from the Persian Gulf (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 6(3): 143-149.
Sadeghi, R.; Ebrahimi, M. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2019a. Tessellate goby, Coryogalops tessellatus Randall, 1994 (Teleostei: Gobiidae), an additional fish element for the Iranian marine waters. FishTaxa 4(2): 25-30.
Sadeghi, R.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Fricke, R. & Larson, H. 2017. New geographical record and morphological features of the Indo Pacific tropical sand goby, Favonigobius reichei (Bleeker, 1854) from Iranian coast of the Makran Sea (Teleostei, Gobiidae). Check List 13(5): 641-645.
Sadeghi, R.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Riazi, M.; Taherizadeh, M.R. & Safaie, M. 2019b. Lagoon shrimp goby, Cryptocentrus cyanotaenia (Bleeker, 1853) (Teleostei: Gobiidae), an additional fish element for the Iranian waters. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 6(2): 98-105.
Schneider, C.A.; Rasband, W.S. & Eliceiri, K.W. 2012. NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nature Methods 9(7): 671-675.
Sharafiniya, M.; Mousavi-Sabet, H.; Alavi-Yeganeh, M.S. & Ghanbarifardi, M. 2021. First record of the triplefin fish, Helcogramma ellioti (Herre, 1944), from the Gulf of Oman, Iran (Blenniformes: Tripterygiidae: Tripterygiinae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 8(3): 181-188.
Uiblein, F. & Heemstra, P.C. 2011. Description of a new goatfish species, Upeneus randalli n. sp. (Mullidae), from the Persian Gulf, with remarks and identification keys for the genus Upeneus. Scientia Marina 75(3): 585-594.
Ward, R.D.; Zemlak, T.S.; Innes, B.H.; Last, P.R. & Hebert, P.D.N. 2005. DNA barcoding Australia's fish species. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360(1462): 1847-1857.
Williams, J.T. & Fricke, R. 2001. Tripterygiidae. In Carpenter, K.E. (Ed.), The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Volume 3: Bony Fishes, Part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae). FAO, Rome. pp: 3532-3535.
Williams, J.T. & McCormick, C.J. 1990. Two new species of the triplefin fish genus Helcogramma (Tripterygiidae) from the Western Pacific Ocean. Copeia 1990(4): 1020-1030.
Yasemi, M. & Nazari Bejgan, A. 2014. The first record of Southern Ocean sunfish, Mola ramsayi from Northern Oman Sea, Iran. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 13(1): 242-246.
References
Bishop, J. 2003. History and current checklist of Kuwait's ichthyofauna. Journal of Arid Environments 54(1): 237-256.
Bruford, M.W.; Hanotte, O.; Brookfield, J.F.Y. & Burke, T.A. 1992. Single locus and multilocus DNA fingerprinting. In Hoezel, C. (Ed.), Molecular Genetics Analysis of Populations: A Practical Approach. New York, Oxford University Press. pp: 225-269.
Carpenter, K.E.; Krupp, F.; Jones, D.A. & Zajonz, U. 1997. FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. The living marine resources of Kuwait, Eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome. 293 p., 17 colour plates.
Darriba, D.; Taboada, G.L.; Doallo, R. & Posada, D. 2012. jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods 9(8): 772-772.
Eagderi, S.; Fricke, R.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Jalili, P. 2019. Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf: diversity and conservation status. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 6: 1-171.
Fricke, R. 1983. A method of counting caudal fin rays of actinopterygian fishes. Braunschweiger Naturkundliche Schriften 1(4): 729-733.
Fricke, R. 1994a. Tripterygiid fishes of the genus Enneapterygius from Bali, Indonesia, with descriptions of two new species (Teleostei: Blennioidei). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde: Serie A (Biologie) 512: 1-13.
Fricke, R. 1997. Tripterygiid Fishes of the Western and Central Pacific, with Descriptions of 15 New Species, Including an Annotated Checklist of World Tripterygiidae (Teleostei). [Theses Zoologicae v. 29]. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein i-ix + 1-607.
Fricke, R. 2017. Enneapterygius niue, a new species of triplefin from Niue and Samoa, southwestern Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Tripterygiidae). Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation 25: 14-32.
Fricke, R. 1994b. Tripterygiid Fishes of Australia, New Zealand and the Southwest Pacific Ocean, With Descriptions of 2 Vew Genera and 16 New Species (Teleostei). [Theses Zoologicae v. 24]. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein i-ix + 1-585.
Fricke, R.; Eschmeyer, W. & Fong, J.D. 2022a. Genera/species by family/subfamily in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Available from: https://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/SpeciesByFamily.asp (accessed on 02 Feb. 2022).
Fricke, R.; Eschmeyer, W. & van der Laan, R. 2022a. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Available from: https://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp (accessed on 02 Feb. 2022).
Holleman, W. & Bogorodsky, S.V. 2012. A review of the blennioid fish family Tripterygiidae (Perciformes) in the Red Sea, with description of Enneapterygius qirmiz, and reinstatement of Enneapterygius altipinnis Clark, 1980. Zootaxa 3152(1): 36-60.
Holleman, W. 1982. Three new species and a new genus of tripterygiid fishes (Blennioidei) from the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums (Natural History) 14(4): 109-137.
Holleman, W. 2005. A review of the triplefin fish genus Enneapterygius (Blennioidei: Tripterygiidae) in the Western Indian Ocean, with descriptions of four new species. Smithiana Bulletin 5: 1-25.
Jawad, L.A.; Nithyanandan, M.; Raja, D.K.; Kesavan, R. & Pereira, D. 2015. First record of the pixie triplefin Enneapterygius pusillus (Pisces: Tripterygiidae) and confirmation of the presence of cheekspot blenny Parablennius opercularis (Blenniidae) in the north Arabian Gulf. Marine Biodiversity Records 8(8): 1-4.
Kovačić, M.; Sadeghi, R. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2020. New species of Silhouettea (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Qeshm Island, Iran and the DNA barcoding of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea gobies. Zootaxa 4750(1): 49-66.
Kumar, S.; Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. 2016. MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 33(7): 1870-1874.
Laan, R. van der.; Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fricke, R. 2014. Family-group names of recent fishes. Zootaxa 3883(2): 1-230.
Mehraban, H. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2018. Comb-tooth blennies of the intertidal zones of Persian Gulf and Makran Sea: morphology, taxonomy, distribution and conservation status (Blenniiformes: Blenniidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 5(3): 192-211.
Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C. & Wilson, M.V. 2016. Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, i-xli + 1-707.
Randall, J.E. 1995. Coastal Fishes of Oman. Crawford House Publishing, Bathurst, i-xvi + 1-439.
Ronquist, F.; Teslenko, M.; Van Der Mark, P.; Ayres, D.L.; Darling, A.; Höhna, S. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. 2012. MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61(3): 539-542.
Sadeghi, R. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2019a. Cocos Frillgoby, Bathygobius cocosensis (Bleeker, 1854): an additional fish element for the Iranian marine waters (Teleostei: Gobiidae). International Journal of Aquatic Biology 7(3): 117-122.
Sadeghi, R. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2019b. First documentation of an uncommon goby genus and species, Palutrus scapulopunctatus (de Beaufort, 1912) from the Persian Gulf (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 6(3): 143-149.
Sadeghi, R.; Ebrahimi, M. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2019a. Tessellate goby, Coryogalops tessellatus Randall, 1994 (Teleostei: Gobiidae), an additional fish element for the Iranian marine waters. FishTaxa 4(2): 25-30.
Sadeghi, R.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Fricke, R. & Larson, H. 2017. New geographical record and morphological features of the Indo Pacific tropical sand goby, Favonigobius reichei (Bleeker, 1854) from Iranian coast of the Makran Sea (Teleostei, Gobiidae). Check List 13(5): 641-645.
Sadeghi, R.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Riazi, M.; Taherizadeh, M.R. & Safaie, M. 2019b. Lagoon shrimp goby, Cryptocentrus cyanotaenia (Bleeker, 1853) (Teleostei: Gobiidae), an additional fish element for the Iranian waters. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 6(2): 98-105.
Schneider, C.A.; Rasband, W.S. & Eliceiri, K.W. 2012. NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nature Methods 9(7): 671-675.
Sharafiniya, M.; Mousavi-Sabet, H.; Alavi-Yeganeh, M.S. & Ghanbarifardi, M. 2021. First record of the triplefin fish, Helcogramma ellioti (Herre, 1944), from the Gulf of Oman, Iran (Blenniformes: Tripterygiidae: Tripterygiinae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 8(3): 181-188.
Uiblein, F. & Heemstra, P.C. 2011. Description of a new goatfish species, Upeneus randalli n. sp. (Mullidae), from the Persian Gulf, with remarks and identification keys for the genus Upeneus. Scientia Marina 75(3): 585-594.
Ward, R.D.; Zemlak, T.S.; Innes, B.H.; Last, P.R. & Hebert, P.D.N. 2005. DNA barcoding Australia's fish species. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360(1462): 1847-1857.
Williams, J.T. & Fricke, R. 2001. Tripterygiidae. In Carpenter, K.E. (Ed.), The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Volume 3: Bony Fishes, Part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae). FAO, Rome. pp: 3532-3535.
Williams, J.T. & McCormick, C.J. 1990. Two new species of the triplefin fish genus Helcogramma (Tripterygiidae) from the Western Pacific Ocean. Copeia 1990(4): 1020-1030.
Yasemi, M. & Nazari Bejgan, A. 2014. The first record of Southern Ocean sunfish, Mola ramsayi from Northern Oman Sea, Iran. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 13(1): 242-246.
Bruford, M.W.; Hanotte, O.; Brookfield, J.F.Y. & Burke, T.A. 1992. Single locus and multilocus DNA fingerprinting. In Hoezel, C. (Ed.), Molecular Genetics Analysis of Populations: A Practical Approach. New York, Oxford University Press. pp: 225-269.
Carpenter, K.E.; Krupp, F.; Jones, D.A. & Zajonz, U. 1997. FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. The living marine resources of Kuwait, Eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome. 293 p., 17 colour plates.
Darriba, D.; Taboada, G.L.; Doallo, R. & Posada, D. 2012. jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods 9(8): 772-772.
Eagderi, S.; Fricke, R.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Jalili, P. 2019. Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf: diversity and conservation status. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 6: 1-171.
Fricke, R. 1983. A method of counting caudal fin rays of actinopterygian fishes. Braunschweiger Naturkundliche Schriften 1(4): 729-733.
Fricke, R. 1994a. Tripterygiid fishes of the genus Enneapterygius from Bali, Indonesia, with descriptions of two new species (Teleostei: Blennioidei). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde: Serie A (Biologie) 512: 1-13.
Fricke, R. 1997. Tripterygiid Fishes of the Western and Central Pacific, with Descriptions of 15 New Species, Including an Annotated Checklist of World Tripterygiidae (Teleostei). [Theses Zoologicae v. 29]. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein i-ix + 1-607.
Fricke, R. 2017. Enneapterygius niue, a new species of triplefin from Niue and Samoa, southwestern Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Tripterygiidae). Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation 25: 14-32.
Fricke, R. 1994b. Tripterygiid Fishes of Australia, New Zealand and the Southwest Pacific Ocean, With Descriptions of 2 Vew Genera and 16 New Species (Teleostei). [Theses Zoologicae v. 24]. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein i-ix + 1-585.
Fricke, R.; Eschmeyer, W. & Fong, J.D. 2022a. Genera/species by family/subfamily in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Available from: https://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/SpeciesByFamily.asp (accessed on 02 Feb. 2022).
Fricke, R.; Eschmeyer, W. & van der Laan, R. 2022a. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Available from: https://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp (accessed on 02 Feb. 2022).
Holleman, W. & Bogorodsky, S.V. 2012. A review of the blennioid fish family Tripterygiidae (Perciformes) in the Red Sea, with description of Enneapterygius qirmiz, and reinstatement of Enneapterygius altipinnis Clark, 1980. Zootaxa 3152(1): 36-60.
Holleman, W. 1982. Three new species and a new genus of tripterygiid fishes (Blennioidei) from the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums (Natural History) 14(4): 109-137.
Holleman, W. 2005. A review of the triplefin fish genus Enneapterygius (Blennioidei: Tripterygiidae) in the Western Indian Ocean, with descriptions of four new species. Smithiana Bulletin 5: 1-25.
Jawad, L.A.; Nithyanandan, M.; Raja, D.K.; Kesavan, R. & Pereira, D. 2015. First record of the pixie triplefin Enneapterygius pusillus (Pisces: Tripterygiidae) and confirmation of the presence of cheekspot blenny Parablennius opercularis (Blenniidae) in the north Arabian Gulf. Marine Biodiversity Records 8(8): 1-4.
Kovačić, M.; Sadeghi, R. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2020. New species of Silhouettea (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Qeshm Island, Iran and the DNA barcoding of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea gobies. Zootaxa 4750(1): 49-66.
Kumar, S.; Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. 2016. MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 33(7): 1870-1874.
Laan, R. van der.; Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fricke, R. 2014. Family-group names of recent fishes. Zootaxa 3883(2): 1-230.
Mehraban, H. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2018. Comb-tooth blennies of the intertidal zones of Persian Gulf and Makran Sea: morphology, taxonomy, distribution and conservation status (Blenniiformes: Blenniidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 5(3): 192-211.
Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C. & Wilson, M.V. 2016. Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, i-xli + 1-707.
Randall, J.E. 1995. Coastal Fishes of Oman. Crawford House Publishing, Bathurst, i-xvi + 1-439.
Ronquist, F.; Teslenko, M.; Van Der Mark, P.; Ayres, D.L.; Darling, A.; Höhna, S. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. 2012. MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61(3): 539-542.
Sadeghi, R. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2019a. Cocos Frillgoby, Bathygobius cocosensis (Bleeker, 1854): an additional fish element for the Iranian marine waters (Teleostei: Gobiidae). International Journal of Aquatic Biology 7(3): 117-122.
Sadeghi, R. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2019b. First documentation of an uncommon goby genus and species, Palutrus scapulopunctatus (de Beaufort, 1912) from the Persian Gulf (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 6(3): 143-149.
Sadeghi, R.; Ebrahimi, M. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2019a. Tessellate goby, Coryogalops tessellatus Randall, 1994 (Teleostei: Gobiidae), an additional fish element for the Iranian marine waters. FishTaxa 4(2): 25-30.
Sadeghi, R.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Fricke, R. & Larson, H. 2017. New geographical record and morphological features of the Indo Pacific tropical sand goby, Favonigobius reichei (Bleeker, 1854) from Iranian coast of the Makran Sea (Teleostei, Gobiidae). Check List 13(5): 641-645.
Sadeghi, R.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Riazi, M.; Taherizadeh, M.R. & Safaie, M. 2019b. Lagoon shrimp goby, Cryptocentrus cyanotaenia (Bleeker, 1853) (Teleostei: Gobiidae), an additional fish element for the Iranian waters. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 6(2): 98-105.
Schneider, C.A.; Rasband, W.S. & Eliceiri, K.W. 2012. NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nature Methods 9(7): 671-675.
Sharafiniya, M.; Mousavi-Sabet, H.; Alavi-Yeganeh, M.S. & Ghanbarifardi, M. 2021. First record of the triplefin fish, Helcogramma ellioti (Herre, 1944), from the Gulf of Oman, Iran (Blenniformes: Tripterygiidae: Tripterygiinae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 8(3): 181-188.
Uiblein, F. & Heemstra, P.C. 2011. Description of a new goatfish species, Upeneus randalli n. sp. (Mullidae), from the Persian Gulf, with remarks and identification keys for the genus Upeneus. Scientia Marina 75(3): 585-594.
Ward, R.D.; Zemlak, T.S.; Innes, B.H.; Last, P.R. & Hebert, P.D.N. 2005. DNA barcoding Australia's fish species. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360(1462): 1847-1857.
Williams, J.T. & Fricke, R. 2001. Tripterygiidae. In Carpenter, K.E. (Ed.), The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Volume 3: Bony Fishes, Part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae). FAO, Rome. pp: 3532-3535.
Williams, J.T. & McCormick, C.J. 1990. Two new species of the triplefin fish genus Helcogramma (Tripterygiidae) from the Western Pacific Ocean. Copeia 1990(4): 1020-1030.
Yasemi, M. & Nazari Bejgan, A. 2014. The first record of Southern Ocean sunfish, Mola ramsayi from Northern Oman Sea, Iran. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 13(1): 242-246.