Main Article Content
Abstract
This study was aimed to study the impacts of nitrogen and organic fertilization on the growth and yield of the spinach, using two levels of N (Urea) (0 and 40kg/donum) and organic fertilizer Alga 600 at (0, 2, 4, and 6g/L.). The results showed that the application of 40kg N /donum had a significant effect on the leaf length, chlorophyll, fresh weight plant, total yield kg/ha., inflorescences length, and seeds weight/plot. Application of Alga 600 at 6 gm/l had a significant increase in most studied traits except the no. of inflorescences/plant and weight of 100 seeds. Based on the findings, the interaction between 40kg N /donum and 6g/l of Alga600 revealed a significant increase in leaf length (cm), leaves number/plant, chlorophyll, plant weight (g), total yield (kg/ha). Inflorescences length (cm), seed weight /plot, seeds weight/plant (g).
Keywords
Seedlings
Citrus
Foliar spraying
Amino acids
Vegetative growth
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
JASIM, E. A.-A., & ESHO, K. B. (2022). Effects of nitrogen doses and organic Alga 600 fertilizer on spinach, Spinacia oleracea growth and yield. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 9, 127–132. Retrieved from http://www.ijichthyol.org/index.php/iji/article/view/789
References
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Mahmoud, E.; Abd El-Kader, N.; Elbaroudy, A. & Abdel Rahman, L. 2007. Residual effects of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plant grown on clay and sandy soils. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research-Alexandria University 6(3): 49.
Anyaegbu, P.O.; Iwuanyanwu, U.P. & Ekwughe, E.U. 2010. Nutrient uptake and root yield of cassava as influenced by liming and poultry manure under different cropping system. International Journal of Science and Research 2: 82-89.
Bergquist, S.Å.; Gertsson, U.E.; Knuthsen, P. & Olsson, M.E. 2005. Flavonoids in baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.): changes during plant growth and storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(24): 9459-9464.
Bharad S.G.; Korde, S.D.; Pravina, S. & Baviskar, M.N. 2013. Effect of organic manures and number of cuttings on growth, yield and quality of Indian spinach. Asian Journal of Horticulture 8(1): 60-64.
Conte, A.; Conversa, G.; Scrocco, C.; Brescia, I.; Laverse, J.; Elia, A. & Del Nobile, M.A. 2008. Influence of growing periods on the quality of baby spinach leaves at harvest and during storage as minimally processed produce. Postharvest Biology and Technology 50(2-3): 190-196.
Forman, D. & Altman, D. 2004. Vitamins to prevent cancer: supplementary problems. The Lancet 364(9441): 1193-1194.
Gastal, F. & Lemaire G. 2002. N uptake and distribution in crops: an agronomical and ecophysiological perspective. Journal of Experimental Botany 53(370): 789-799.
Hassan, A.A.M. 2003. Production of cabbage and Chenopodiaceae vegetables, production technology and advanced agricultural practices, Dar Al-Arabiya for Publishing and Distribution, Nasr City, Arab Republic of Egypt. 325 p.
Hove, K.; Johannes, J.; Hatutale, G.; Awala, S.K. & Ausiku, P. 2020. Magna Scientia Advanced Biology and Pharmacy.
Jakhro, M.I.; Shah, S.I.; Amanullah, Z.M.; Rahujo, Z.A.; Ahmed, S. & Jakhro, M.A. 2017. Growth and yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracia) under fluctuating levels of organic and inorganic fertilizers. International Journal of Development Research 7: 11454-11460.
Clerpka, T. 2004.Affiliation with foam. September 13, 2004 in Seattle, USA.
Koivu, T.; Pironen, V. & Mattila, P. 1999. Vegetable as Sources of Vitamin K in Finland, In: M. Hagg, R. Anvenainen, A.M. Evers, K. Tillikkala, (eds.). Agri-food quality 11: quality management of fruits and vegetable –from field to table. Royal Society of Chemistry. pp: 300-302.
Lateef, M. A., Noori, A. M., Saleh, Y. M., & Al-Taey, D. K. (2021). The effect of foliar spraying with salicylic acid and calcium chloride on the growth, yield, and storage traits of two strawberry cultivars, fragaria x ananassa duch. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences 17(2): 611-615.
Lee, S.K. & Kader, A.A. 2000. Pre-harvest and postharvest factors influencing vitamin C content of horticultural crops. Postharvest Biology and Technology 20: 207-220.
Mohammed, M.M. & Al-Ubaidy, R.M. 2020. Influence of yeast and intercropping system on growth and yield traits of pea. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences 16(1): 1577-1580.
Mahmoud, E.; Abd El-Kader, N.; Elbaroudy, A., & Abdel Rahman, L. 2007. Residual effects of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plant grown on clay and sandy soils. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research-Alexandria University 6(3): 49.
Ninfali, P. & Bacchiocca, M. 2004. Parameters for the detention of post-harvest quality in fresh or transformed horticultural crops. Food Agriculture and Environment 2: 122-127.
Novaes, E.; Osorio, L.; Drost, D.R.; Miles, B.L.; Boaventura-Novaes, C.R.; Benedict, C.; Dervinis, C.; Yu, Q.; Sykes, R. & Davis, M. 2009. Quantitative genetic analysis of biomass and wood chemistry of populous under different nitrogen levels. New Phytology 182: 878-890.
Rani, A.A.; Abd El-Baky, M.M.H.; Abd El-Al, F.S. & Shaheen, A.M. 2013. The productivity of Jew’s mallow plant as influenced by different NPK fertilization. Mansoura University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 29(10): 5773-5783.
Rioba, N.B.; Opala, P.A.; Bore, J.K.; Ochanda, S.O. & Sitienei, K. 2020. Effects of Vermicompost, Tithonia Green Manure and Urea on Quality of Swiss Chard (Beta Vulgaris L. Var. Cicla L.) in Kenya. Sustainable Agriculture Research 9(526-2021-468): 55-66.
Rop, N.K. 2012. TM Mutui and EK Kiprop, Influence of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth, yield and quality of Indian spinach (Basella alba L.), African Journal of Horticultural Science 6: 111-117.
Russel, E.W. 1973. Soil Conditions and Plant Growth. 10th Ed. London.
Ryder, E.J. 1979. Leafy salad vegetable. AVI Publishing Company, Inc., Westport, Conn. 66 p.
SAS. 2007. Statistical Analysis Systems SAS/STAT user's guide Version 9.1 Cary NC. SAS Institute Inc. USA
Shah, S.T.; Ghafoor, F.; Khan, N.; Sajid, M.; Ul Amin, N.; Shah, Z.; Bibi, S.; Ahmad, T. & ul Haq, F. 2016. Organic fertilizers affect the growth attributes of weeds and swiss chard. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research 22(3): 463-470
Shormin, T. & Kibria, M.G. 2018. Effects of Nitrogen from Different Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Indian Spinach (Basella alba L.). IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 13(5): 43-48.
Sisson, V.A.; Rufty, T.W. & Williamson, R.E. 1991. Nitrogen-use efficiency among flue-cured tobacco genotypes. Crop Science 31: 1615-1620.
Stagnari, F.; Di Bitetto, V. & Pisante, M. 2007. Effects of N fertilizers and rates on yield, safety and nutrients in processing spinach genotypes. Journal of Horticulture Science 114: 224-233.
Steel, R.G.D. & Torrie, J.H. 1980. Principle and procedures of statistics. M.G. Grow Hill book, Company Inc New York.
Li, T.S. 2002. Product development of sea buckthorn. Trends in New Crops and New Uses, 393-398.
Verkleij, F.N. 1992. Seaweed extracts in agriculture and horticulture Review. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture 8(4): 309-324.
Wahocho, N.A.; Memon, N.; Kandhro, M.N.; Miano, T.F.; Talpur, K.H. & Wahocho, S.A. 2016. Response of nitrogen on the growth and productivity of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), Sindh University Research Journal (Science Series) 48(2): 305-308
Wang, Z.; Zong, Z., Li, S. & Chen, B. 2002. Nitrate accumulation in vegetables and its residual in vegetable fields. Huanjing Kexue 23(3): 79-83.
Wang, Z.H. & Li, S.X. 2003. Effects of N forms and rates on vegetable growth and nitrate accumulation. Pedosphere 13(4): 309-316.
Watt, B.K. & Merrill, A.L. 1963. Composition of food. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Handbook 8: 190.
References
Mahmoud, E.; Abd El-Kader, N.; Elbaroudy, A. & Abdel Rahman, L. 2007. Residual effects of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plant grown on clay and sandy soils. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research-Alexandria University 6(3): 49.
Anyaegbu, P.O.; Iwuanyanwu, U.P. & Ekwughe, E.U. 2010. Nutrient uptake and root yield of cassava as influenced by liming and poultry manure under different cropping system. International Journal of Science and Research 2: 82-89.
Bergquist, S.Å.; Gertsson, U.E.; Knuthsen, P. & Olsson, M.E. 2005. Flavonoids in baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.): changes during plant growth and storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(24): 9459-9464.
Bharad S.G.; Korde, S.D.; Pravina, S. & Baviskar, M.N. 2013. Effect of organic manures and number of cuttings on growth, yield and quality of Indian spinach. Asian Journal of Horticulture 8(1): 60-64.
Conte, A.; Conversa, G.; Scrocco, C.; Brescia, I.; Laverse, J.; Elia, A. & Del Nobile, M.A. 2008. Influence of growing periods on the quality of baby spinach leaves at harvest and during storage as minimally processed produce. Postharvest Biology and Technology 50(2-3): 190-196.
Forman, D. & Altman, D. 2004. Vitamins to prevent cancer: supplementary problems. The Lancet 364(9441): 1193-1194.
Gastal, F. & Lemaire G. 2002. N uptake and distribution in crops: an agronomical and ecophysiological perspective. Journal of Experimental Botany 53(370): 789-799.
Hassan, A.A.M. 2003. Production of cabbage and Chenopodiaceae vegetables, production technology and advanced agricultural practices, Dar Al-Arabiya for Publishing and Distribution, Nasr City, Arab Republic of Egypt. 325 p.
Hove, K.; Johannes, J.; Hatutale, G.; Awala, S.K. & Ausiku, P. 2020. Magna Scientia Advanced Biology and Pharmacy.
Jakhro, M.I.; Shah, S.I.; Amanullah, Z.M.; Rahujo, Z.A.; Ahmed, S. & Jakhro, M.A. 2017. Growth and yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracia) under fluctuating levels of organic and inorganic fertilizers. International Journal of Development Research 7: 11454-11460.
Clerpka, T. 2004.Affiliation with foam. September 13, 2004 in Seattle, USA.
Koivu, T.; Pironen, V. & Mattila, P. 1999. Vegetable as Sources of Vitamin K in Finland, In: M. Hagg, R. Anvenainen, A.M. Evers, K. Tillikkala, (eds.). Agri-food quality 11: quality management of fruits and vegetable –from field to table. Royal Society of Chemistry. pp: 300-302.
Lateef, M. A., Noori, A. M., Saleh, Y. M., & Al-Taey, D. K. (2021). The effect of foliar spraying with salicylic acid and calcium chloride on the growth, yield, and storage traits of two strawberry cultivars, fragaria x ananassa duch. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences 17(2): 611-615.
Lee, S.K. & Kader, A.A. 2000. Pre-harvest and postharvest factors influencing vitamin C content of horticultural crops. Postharvest Biology and Technology 20: 207-220.
Mohammed, M.M. & Al-Ubaidy, R.M. 2020. Influence of yeast and intercropping system on growth and yield traits of pea. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences 16(1): 1577-1580.
Mahmoud, E.; Abd El-Kader, N.; Elbaroudy, A., & Abdel Rahman, L. 2007. Residual effects of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plant grown on clay and sandy soils. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research-Alexandria University 6(3): 49.
Ninfali, P. & Bacchiocca, M. 2004. Parameters for the detention of post-harvest quality in fresh or transformed horticultural crops. Food Agriculture and Environment 2: 122-127.
Novaes, E.; Osorio, L.; Drost, D.R.; Miles, B.L.; Boaventura-Novaes, C.R.; Benedict, C.; Dervinis, C.; Yu, Q.; Sykes, R. & Davis, M. 2009. Quantitative genetic analysis of biomass and wood chemistry of populous under different nitrogen levels. New Phytology 182: 878-890.
Rani, A.A.; Abd El-Baky, M.M.H.; Abd El-Al, F.S. & Shaheen, A.M. 2013. The productivity of Jew’s mallow plant as influenced by different NPK fertilization. Mansoura University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 29(10): 5773-5783.
Rioba, N.B.; Opala, P.A.; Bore, J.K.; Ochanda, S.O. & Sitienei, K. 2020. Effects of Vermicompost, Tithonia Green Manure and Urea on Quality of Swiss Chard (Beta Vulgaris L. Var. Cicla L.) in Kenya. Sustainable Agriculture Research 9(526-2021-468): 55-66.
Rop, N.K. 2012. TM Mutui and EK Kiprop, Influence of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth, yield and quality of Indian spinach (Basella alba L.), African Journal of Horticultural Science 6: 111-117.
Russel, E.W. 1973. Soil Conditions and Plant Growth. 10th Ed. London.
Ryder, E.J. 1979. Leafy salad vegetable. AVI Publishing Company, Inc., Westport, Conn. 66 p.
SAS. 2007. Statistical Analysis Systems SAS/STAT user's guide Version 9.1 Cary NC. SAS Institute Inc. USA
Shah, S.T.; Ghafoor, F.; Khan, N.; Sajid, M.; Ul Amin, N.; Shah, Z.; Bibi, S.; Ahmad, T. & ul Haq, F. 2016. Organic fertilizers affect the growth attributes of weeds and swiss chard. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research 22(3): 463-470
Shormin, T. & Kibria, M.G. 2018. Effects of Nitrogen from Different Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Indian Spinach (Basella alba L.). IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 13(5): 43-48.
Sisson, V.A.; Rufty, T.W. & Williamson, R.E. 1991. Nitrogen-use efficiency among flue-cured tobacco genotypes. Crop Science 31: 1615-1620.
Stagnari, F.; Di Bitetto, V. & Pisante, M. 2007. Effects of N fertilizers and rates on yield, safety and nutrients in processing spinach genotypes. Journal of Horticulture Science 114: 224-233.
Steel, R.G.D. & Torrie, J.H. 1980. Principle and procedures of statistics. M.G. Grow Hill book, Company Inc New York.
Li, T.S. 2002. Product development of sea buckthorn. Trends in New Crops and New Uses, 393-398.
Verkleij, F.N. 1992. Seaweed extracts in agriculture and horticulture Review. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture 8(4): 309-324.
Wahocho, N.A.; Memon, N.; Kandhro, M.N.; Miano, T.F.; Talpur, K.H. & Wahocho, S.A. 2016. Response of nitrogen on the growth and productivity of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), Sindh University Research Journal (Science Series) 48(2): 305-308
Wang, Z.; Zong, Z., Li, S. & Chen, B. 2002. Nitrate accumulation in vegetables and its residual in vegetable fields. Huanjing Kexue 23(3): 79-83.
Wang, Z.H. & Li, S.X. 2003. Effects of N forms and rates on vegetable growth and nitrate accumulation. Pedosphere 13(4): 309-316.
Watt, B.K. & Merrill, A.L. 1963. Composition of food. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Handbook 8: 190.
Anyaegbu, P.O.; Iwuanyanwu, U.P. & Ekwughe, E.U. 2010. Nutrient uptake and root yield of cassava as influenced by liming and poultry manure under different cropping system. International Journal of Science and Research 2: 82-89.
Bergquist, S.Å.; Gertsson, U.E.; Knuthsen, P. & Olsson, M.E. 2005. Flavonoids in baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.): changes during plant growth and storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(24): 9459-9464.
Bharad S.G.; Korde, S.D.; Pravina, S. & Baviskar, M.N. 2013. Effect of organic manures and number of cuttings on growth, yield and quality of Indian spinach. Asian Journal of Horticulture 8(1): 60-64.
Conte, A.; Conversa, G.; Scrocco, C.; Brescia, I.; Laverse, J.; Elia, A. & Del Nobile, M.A. 2008. Influence of growing periods on the quality of baby spinach leaves at harvest and during storage as minimally processed produce. Postharvest Biology and Technology 50(2-3): 190-196.
Forman, D. & Altman, D. 2004. Vitamins to prevent cancer: supplementary problems. The Lancet 364(9441): 1193-1194.
Gastal, F. & Lemaire G. 2002. N uptake and distribution in crops: an agronomical and ecophysiological perspective. Journal of Experimental Botany 53(370): 789-799.
Hassan, A.A.M. 2003. Production of cabbage and Chenopodiaceae vegetables, production technology and advanced agricultural practices, Dar Al-Arabiya for Publishing and Distribution, Nasr City, Arab Republic of Egypt. 325 p.
Hove, K.; Johannes, J.; Hatutale, G.; Awala, S.K. & Ausiku, P. 2020. Magna Scientia Advanced Biology and Pharmacy.
Jakhro, M.I.; Shah, S.I.; Amanullah, Z.M.; Rahujo, Z.A.; Ahmed, S. & Jakhro, M.A. 2017. Growth and yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracia) under fluctuating levels of organic and inorganic fertilizers. International Journal of Development Research 7: 11454-11460.
Clerpka, T. 2004.Affiliation with foam. September 13, 2004 in Seattle, USA.
Koivu, T.; Pironen, V. & Mattila, P. 1999. Vegetable as Sources of Vitamin K in Finland, In: M. Hagg, R. Anvenainen, A.M. Evers, K. Tillikkala, (eds.). Agri-food quality 11: quality management of fruits and vegetable –from field to table. Royal Society of Chemistry. pp: 300-302.
Lateef, M. A., Noori, A. M., Saleh, Y. M., & Al-Taey, D. K. (2021). The effect of foliar spraying with salicylic acid and calcium chloride on the growth, yield, and storage traits of two strawberry cultivars, fragaria x ananassa duch. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences 17(2): 611-615.
Lee, S.K. & Kader, A.A. 2000. Pre-harvest and postharvest factors influencing vitamin C content of horticultural crops. Postharvest Biology and Technology 20: 207-220.
Mohammed, M.M. & Al-Ubaidy, R.M. 2020. Influence of yeast and intercropping system on growth and yield traits of pea. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences 16(1): 1577-1580.
Mahmoud, E.; Abd El-Kader, N.; Elbaroudy, A., & Abdel Rahman, L. 2007. Residual effects of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plant grown on clay and sandy soils. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research-Alexandria University 6(3): 49.
Ninfali, P. & Bacchiocca, M. 2004. Parameters for the detention of post-harvest quality in fresh or transformed horticultural crops. Food Agriculture and Environment 2: 122-127.
Novaes, E.; Osorio, L.; Drost, D.R.; Miles, B.L.; Boaventura-Novaes, C.R.; Benedict, C.; Dervinis, C.; Yu, Q.; Sykes, R. & Davis, M. 2009. Quantitative genetic analysis of biomass and wood chemistry of populous under different nitrogen levels. New Phytology 182: 878-890.
Rani, A.A.; Abd El-Baky, M.M.H.; Abd El-Al, F.S. & Shaheen, A.M. 2013. The productivity of Jew’s mallow plant as influenced by different NPK fertilization. Mansoura University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 29(10): 5773-5783.
Rioba, N.B.; Opala, P.A.; Bore, J.K.; Ochanda, S.O. & Sitienei, K. 2020. Effects of Vermicompost, Tithonia Green Manure and Urea on Quality of Swiss Chard (Beta Vulgaris L. Var. Cicla L.) in Kenya. Sustainable Agriculture Research 9(526-2021-468): 55-66.
Rop, N.K. 2012. TM Mutui and EK Kiprop, Influence of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth, yield and quality of Indian spinach (Basella alba L.), African Journal of Horticultural Science 6: 111-117.
Russel, E.W. 1973. Soil Conditions and Plant Growth. 10th Ed. London.
Ryder, E.J. 1979. Leafy salad vegetable. AVI Publishing Company, Inc., Westport, Conn. 66 p.
SAS. 2007. Statistical Analysis Systems SAS/STAT user's guide Version 9.1 Cary NC. SAS Institute Inc. USA
Shah, S.T.; Ghafoor, F.; Khan, N.; Sajid, M.; Ul Amin, N.; Shah, Z.; Bibi, S.; Ahmad, T. & ul Haq, F. 2016. Organic fertilizers affect the growth attributes of weeds and swiss chard. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research 22(3): 463-470
Shormin, T. & Kibria, M.G. 2018. Effects of Nitrogen from Different Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Indian Spinach (Basella alba L.). IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 13(5): 43-48.
Sisson, V.A.; Rufty, T.W. & Williamson, R.E. 1991. Nitrogen-use efficiency among flue-cured tobacco genotypes. Crop Science 31: 1615-1620.
Stagnari, F.; Di Bitetto, V. & Pisante, M. 2007. Effects of N fertilizers and rates on yield, safety and nutrients in processing spinach genotypes. Journal of Horticulture Science 114: 224-233.
Steel, R.G.D. & Torrie, J.H. 1980. Principle and procedures of statistics. M.G. Grow Hill book, Company Inc New York.
Li, T.S. 2002. Product development of sea buckthorn. Trends in New Crops and New Uses, 393-398.
Verkleij, F.N. 1992. Seaweed extracts in agriculture and horticulture Review. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture 8(4): 309-324.
Wahocho, N.A.; Memon, N.; Kandhro, M.N.; Miano, T.F.; Talpur, K.H. & Wahocho, S.A. 2016. Response of nitrogen on the growth and productivity of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), Sindh University Research Journal (Science Series) 48(2): 305-308
Wang, Z.; Zong, Z., Li, S. & Chen, B. 2002. Nitrate accumulation in vegetables and its residual in vegetable fields. Huanjing Kexue 23(3): 79-83.
Wang, Z.H. & Li, S.X. 2003. Effects of N forms and rates on vegetable growth and nitrate accumulation. Pedosphere 13(4): 309-316.
Watt, B.K. & Merrill, A.L. 1963. Composition of food. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Handbook 8: 190.