Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of silver nanoparticles and Moringa leaf extract on testicular histology and antioxidants parameters after a high-fat diet exposure in male rabbits. The experiment was conducted on 30 male white rabbits, which were assigned into 6 experimental groups. The levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and the diameter of seminiferous tubules and germinal epithelium thickness were examined and compared. In blood serum of rabbits fed a high-fat diet noted an increased level of MOD. The addition of silver nanoparticles and Moringa leaf extract to the diet decreased the MOD level showed a beneficial effect. Rabbits fed a high-fat diet had a significant reduction in the diameter of seminiferous tubules and a decrease in the thickness of the germinal epithelium. The reduction was induced by supplementation with silver nanoparticles and Moringa leaf extract. Considering these results, it was possible to assume that exposure to silver nanoparticles and Moringa leaf extract have a possible protective effect on the reproductive system of male rabbits.
Keywords
Food
Moringa
Nanoparticles
MDA.
Article Details
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
Al-ALI, I. A., AL-AWADI, J. H. H., & HASSAN, T. A. A. (2022). Effect of high-fat diet on oxidative stress and testicular function in male rabbits and protective effect of silver nanoparticles and Moringa oleifera. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 9, 37–45. Retrieved from http://www.ijichthyol.org/index.php/iji/article/view/759
References
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Al-Daamy, A.M.Z. & Al-Zubiady, N.M.H. 2020. Study of The Toxic Effect of Tartrazine Dye on Some Biochemical Parameters in Male Albino Rats. Scientific Journal of Medical Research 4(16): 111-117.
Ash, G.I.; Kim, D. & Choudhury, M. 2019. Promises of nanotherapeutics in obesity. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism 30(6): 369-383.
Askari, M.; Heshmati, J.; Shahinfar, H.; Tripathi, N. & Daneshzad, E. 2020. Ultra-processed food and the risk of overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. International Journal of Obesity 44(10): 2080-2091.
Azez, S.G. & Hamza, N.M. 2020. Study of the preventive role of cranberry extract on some physiological parameters in male rate induced by sodium fluoride. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 23: 156-164.
Black, M.H.; Watanabe, R.M.; Trigo, E.; Takayanagi, M.; Lawrence, J.M.; Buchanan, T.A. & Xiang, A.H. 2013. High-fat diet is associated with obesity-mediated insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in Mexican Americans. The Journal of Nutrition 143(4): 479-485.
Bojková, B.; Kurhaluk, N. & Winklewski, P.J. 2021. The interconnection of high-fat diets, oxidative stress, the heart, and carcinogenesis. In Cancer. Academic Press. pp: 111-120.
Campos-Silva, P.; Furriel, A.; Costa, W.S.; Sampaio, F.J. & Gregório, B.M. 2015. Metabolic and testicular effects of the long-term administration of different high-fat diets in adult rats. International Brazilian Journal of Urology 41: 569-575.
Demirci, T. & Sahin, E. 2019. The effect of chronic stress and obesity on sperm quality and testis histology in male rats; a morphometric and immunohistochemical study. Histol. Histopathol 34: 287-302.
Flora, S.J. & Pachauri, V. 2011. Moringa (Moringa oleifera) seed extract and the prevention of oxidative stress. In Nuts and seeds in health and disease prevention. Academic Press. pp: 775-785.
Foote, R.H. & Carney, E.W. 2000. The rabbit as a model for reproductive and developmental toxicity studies. Reproductive Toxicology 14(6): 477-493.
Funes, A.; Lancellotti, T.S.; Santillan, L.D.; Della Vedova, M.C.; Monclus, M.A.; Cabrillana, M.E.. & Fornes, M.W. 2019. A chronic high-fat diet causes sperm head alterations in C57BL/6J mice. Heliyon 5(11): e02868.
Giulia, C.; Simona, M.; Elena, M.; Daniela, C.; Lucia, M.; Anna Ida, F. & Cesare, C. 2020. Oxidative and/or Inflammatory Thrust Induced by Silver Nanoparticles in Rabbits: Effect of Vitamin E or NSAID Administration on Semen Parameters. Mediators of Inflammation 2020.
Govindasamy, R. & Rahuman, A.A. 2012. Histopathological studies and oxidative stress of synthesized silver nanoparticles in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Journal of Environmental Sciences 24(6): 1091-1098.
Hales, D.B.; Allen, J.A.; Shankara, T.; Janus, P.; Buck, S.; Diemer, T. & Hales, K.H. 2005. Mitochondrial function in Leydig cell steroidogenesis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1061(1): 120-134.
Hamed, H.S. & El-Sayed, Y.S. 2019. Antioxidant activities of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against pendimethalin-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 45(1): 71-82.
hang, Y.; Liu, J.; Yao, J., Ji, G.; Qian, L.; Wang, J. & Liu, Y. 2014. Obesity: pathophysiology and intervention. Nutrients 6(11): 5153-5183.
Jalili, C.; Salahshoor, M.R. & Naderi, T. 2015. The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of P. crispum on sperm parameters, testis tissue and serum nitric oxide levels in mice. Advanced Biomedical Research 4.
Jarukamjorn, K.; Jearapong,N.; Pimson, C. & Chatuphonprasert, W. 2016. A high-fat, high-fructose diet induces antioxidant imbalance and increases the risk and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Scientifica, 2016.
Kumar, N.; Krishnani,K.K.; Gupta,S.K. & Singh, N.P. 2018. Effects of silver nanoparticles on stress biomarkers of Channa striatus: immuno-protective or toxic? Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25(15): 14813-14826.
Kushner, R.F. 2014. Weight loss strategies for treatment of obesity. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 56(4): 465-472.
Lawal, B.; Shittu, O.K.; Inje, O.F.; Berinyuy, E.B. & Muhammed, H. 2016. Potential antioxidants and hepatoprotectives from African natural products: A review. Clinical Phytoscience 2(1): 23.
Mabrouki, L.; Rjeibi, I.; Taleb, J. & Zourgui, L. 2020. Cardiac ameliorative effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in high-fat diet-induced obesity in rat model. BioMed Research International 2020.
Matsuzawa-Nagata, N.; Takamura, T.; Ando, H.; Nakamura, S.; Kurita, S.; Misu, H. & Kaneko, S. 2008. Increased oxidative stress precedes the onset of high-fat diet–induced insulin resistance and obesity. Metabolism 57(8): 1071-1077.
Matuszewska, J.; Ziarniak, K.; Dudek, M.; Kołodziejski, P.; Pruszyńska-Oszmałek, E. & Śliwowska, J.H. 2020. Effects of short-term exposure to high-fat diet on histology of male and female gonads in rats. Acta Histochemica 122(5): 151558.
Naughton, C.K.; Nangia, A.K. & Agarwal, A. 2001. Varicocele and male infertility: part II: pathophysiology of varicoceles in male infertility. Human Reproduction Update 7(5): 473-481.
Nayak, G.; Vadinkar, A.; Nair, S.; Kalthur, S.G.; D'Souza, A.S.; Shetty, P.K. & Adiga, S.K. 2016. Sperm abnormalities induced by pre‐pubertal exposure to cyclophosphamide are effectively mitigated by Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Andrologia 48(2): 125-136.
Othman, A.I.; Amer, M.A.; Basos, A.S. &. El-Missiry, M. 2016. AMoringa oleifera leaf extract ameliorated high-fat diet-induced obesity, oxidative stress and disrupted metabolic hormones. Clinical Phytoscience 5(1): 1-10.
Qasim, M.T. & Al-Mayali, H.K. 2019. Investigate the relation between Baicalin effect and gene expression of LH, FSH, Testosterone in male rats treated with Gemcitabine drug. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 12(9): 4135-41.
Rahman, H.A.; Sahib, N.G.; Saari, N.; Abas, F.; Ismail, A.; Mumtaz, M.W. & Hamid, A.A. 2017. Anti-obesity effect of ethanolic extract from Cosmos caudatus Kunth leaf in lean rats fed a high fat diet. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 17(1): 1-17.
Roushandeh, A.M.; Salehi, I. & Mortazavi, M. 2015. Protective effects of restricted diet and antioxidants on testis tissue in rats fed with high-fat diet. Iranian Biomedical Journal 19(2): 96.
Sadek, K.M. 2014. Chemotherapeutic efficacy of an ethanolic M oringa oleifera leaf extract against chromium‐induced testicular toxicity in rats. Andrologia 46(9): 1047-1054.
Salahshoor, M.R.; Haghjoo, M.; Roshankhah, S.; Makalani, F. & Jalili, C. 2018. Effect of thymoquinone on reproductive parameter in morphine-treated male mice. Advanced Biomedical Research 7.17.
Saleh, A.A. & El-Magd, M.A. 2018. Beneficial effects of dietary silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate on broiler nutrition. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25(27): 27031-27038.
Shabgah, A.G.; Qasim, M.T.; Mostafavi, S.M.; Zekiy, A.O.; Ezzatifar, F.; Ahmadi, M.; Haftcheshmeh, S.M. & Navashenaq, J.G. 2021. CXC chemokine ligand 16: A swiss army knife chemokine in cancer. Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 23.
Sibuyi, N.R.S.; Moabelo, K.L.; Meyer, M.; Onani, M.O.; Dube, A. & Madiehe, A.M. 2019. Nanotechnology advances towards development of targeted-treatment for obesity. Journal of Nanobiotechnology 17(1): 1-21.
Sozen, E.; Demirel‐Yalciner, T.; Koroglu, M.K.; Elmas, M.A.; Ercan, F. & Ozer, N.K. 2021. High cholesterol diet activates ER stress mediated apoptosis in testes tissue: Role of α‐tocopherol. IUBMB life 2021.
Tahmasebi, S.; Qasim, M.T.; Krivenkova, M.V.; Zekiy, A.O.; Thangavelu, L.; Aravindhan, S.; Izadi, M.; Jadidi‐Niaragh, F.; Ghaebi, M.; Aslani, S. & Aghebat‐Maleki, L. 2021. The effects of oxygen–ozone therapy on regulatory T‐cell responses in multiple sclerosis patients. Cell Biology International Mar 16.
Woods, S.C.; Seeley, R.J.; Rushing, P.A.; D'Alessio, D. & Tso, P. 2003. A controlled high-fat diet induces an obese syndrome in rats. The Journal of Nutrition 133(4): 1081-1087.
Zainab, I.M. & Maytham T.Q. 2021. Hormonal profile of men during infertility. Biochemical and Cellular Archives 21(Supp. 1): 2895-2898.
Zhang, T.L.; Wang, Q.; Chen, L. & C. Chen, 2014. Cytotoxic potential of silver nanoparticles. Yonsei Medical Journal 55(2): 283-291.
Zhang, X.F.; Liu, Z.G.; Shen, W. & Gurunathan, S. 2016. Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, properties, applications, and therapeutic approaches. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17(9): 1534.
References
Al-Daamy, A.M.Z. & Al-Zubiady, N.M.H. 2020. Study of The Toxic Effect of Tartrazine Dye on Some Biochemical Parameters in Male Albino Rats. Scientific Journal of Medical Research 4(16): 111-117.
Ash, G.I.; Kim, D. & Choudhury, M. 2019. Promises of nanotherapeutics in obesity. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism 30(6): 369-383.
Askari, M.; Heshmati, J.; Shahinfar, H.; Tripathi, N. & Daneshzad, E. 2020. Ultra-processed food and the risk of overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. International Journal of Obesity 44(10): 2080-2091.
Azez, S.G. & Hamza, N.M. 2020. Study of the preventive role of cranberry extract on some physiological parameters in male rate induced by sodium fluoride. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 23: 156-164.
Black, M.H.; Watanabe, R.M.; Trigo, E.; Takayanagi, M.; Lawrence, J.M.; Buchanan, T.A. & Xiang, A.H. 2013. High-fat diet is associated with obesity-mediated insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in Mexican Americans. The Journal of Nutrition 143(4): 479-485.
Bojková, B.; Kurhaluk, N. & Winklewski, P.J. 2021. The interconnection of high-fat diets, oxidative stress, the heart, and carcinogenesis. In Cancer. Academic Press. pp: 111-120.
Campos-Silva, P.; Furriel, A.; Costa, W.S.; Sampaio, F.J. & Gregório, B.M. 2015. Metabolic and testicular effects of the long-term administration of different high-fat diets in adult rats. International Brazilian Journal of Urology 41: 569-575.
Demirci, T. & Sahin, E. 2019. The effect of chronic stress and obesity on sperm quality and testis histology in male rats; a morphometric and immunohistochemical study. Histol. Histopathol 34: 287-302.
Flora, S.J. & Pachauri, V. 2011. Moringa (Moringa oleifera) seed extract and the prevention of oxidative stress. In Nuts and seeds in health and disease prevention. Academic Press. pp: 775-785.
Foote, R.H. & Carney, E.W. 2000. The rabbit as a model for reproductive and developmental toxicity studies. Reproductive Toxicology 14(6): 477-493.
Funes, A.; Lancellotti, T.S.; Santillan, L.D.; Della Vedova, M.C.; Monclus, M.A.; Cabrillana, M.E.. & Fornes, M.W. 2019. A chronic high-fat diet causes sperm head alterations in C57BL/6J mice. Heliyon 5(11): e02868.
Giulia, C.; Simona, M.; Elena, M.; Daniela, C.; Lucia, M.; Anna Ida, F. & Cesare, C. 2020. Oxidative and/or Inflammatory Thrust Induced by Silver Nanoparticles in Rabbits: Effect of Vitamin E or NSAID Administration on Semen Parameters. Mediators of Inflammation 2020.
Govindasamy, R. & Rahuman, A.A. 2012. Histopathological studies and oxidative stress of synthesized silver nanoparticles in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Journal of Environmental Sciences 24(6): 1091-1098.
Hales, D.B.; Allen, J.A.; Shankara, T.; Janus, P.; Buck, S.; Diemer, T. & Hales, K.H. 2005. Mitochondrial function in Leydig cell steroidogenesis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1061(1): 120-134.
Hamed, H.S. & El-Sayed, Y.S. 2019. Antioxidant activities of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against pendimethalin-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 45(1): 71-82.
hang, Y.; Liu, J.; Yao, J., Ji, G.; Qian, L.; Wang, J. & Liu, Y. 2014. Obesity: pathophysiology and intervention. Nutrients 6(11): 5153-5183.
Jalili, C.; Salahshoor, M.R. & Naderi, T. 2015. The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of P. crispum on sperm parameters, testis tissue and serum nitric oxide levels in mice. Advanced Biomedical Research 4.
Jarukamjorn, K.; Jearapong,N.; Pimson, C. & Chatuphonprasert, W. 2016. A high-fat, high-fructose diet induces antioxidant imbalance and increases the risk and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Scientifica, 2016.
Kumar, N.; Krishnani,K.K.; Gupta,S.K. & Singh, N.P. 2018. Effects of silver nanoparticles on stress biomarkers of Channa striatus: immuno-protective or toxic? Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25(15): 14813-14826.
Kushner, R.F. 2014. Weight loss strategies for treatment of obesity. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 56(4): 465-472.
Lawal, B.; Shittu, O.K.; Inje, O.F.; Berinyuy, E.B. & Muhammed, H. 2016. Potential antioxidants and hepatoprotectives from African natural products: A review. Clinical Phytoscience 2(1): 23.
Mabrouki, L.; Rjeibi, I.; Taleb, J. & Zourgui, L. 2020. Cardiac ameliorative effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in high-fat diet-induced obesity in rat model. BioMed Research International 2020.
Matsuzawa-Nagata, N.; Takamura, T.; Ando, H.; Nakamura, S.; Kurita, S.; Misu, H. & Kaneko, S. 2008. Increased oxidative stress precedes the onset of high-fat diet–induced insulin resistance and obesity. Metabolism 57(8): 1071-1077.
Matuszewska, J.; Ziarniak, K.; Dudek, M.; Kołodziejski, P.; Pruszyńska-Oszmałek, E. & Śliwowska, J.H. 2020. Effects of short-term exposure to high-fat diet on histology of male and female gonads in rats. Acta Histochemica 122(5): 151558.
Naughton, C.K.; Nangia, A.K. & Agarwal, A. 2001. Varicocele and male infertility: part II: pathophysiology of varicoceles in male infertility. Human Reproduction Update 7(5): 473-481.
Nayak, G.; Vadinkar, A.; Nair, S.; Kalthur, S.G.; D'Souza, A.S.; Shetty, P.K. & Adiga, S.K. 2016. Sperm abnormalities induced by pre‐pubertal exposure to cyclophosphamide are effectively mitigated by Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Andrologia 48(2): 125-136.
Othman, A.I.; Amer, M.A.; Basos, A.S. &. El-Missiry, M. 2016. AMoringa oleifera leaf extract ameliorated high-fat diet-induced obesity, oxidative stress and disrupted metabolic hormones. Clinical Phytoscience 5(1): 1-10.
Qasim, M.T. & Al-Mayali, H.K. 2019. Investigate the relation between Baicalin effect and gene expression of LH, FSH, Testosterone in male rats treated with Gemcitabine drug. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 12(9): 4135-41.
Rahman, H.A.; Sahib, N.G.; Saari, N.; Abas, F.; Ismail, A.; Mumtaz, M.W. & Hamid, A.A. 2017. Anti-obesity effect of ethanolic extract from Cosmos caudatus Kunth leaf in lean rats fed a high fat diet. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 17(1): 1-17.
Roushandeh, A.M.; Salehi, I. & Mortazavi, M. 2015. Protective effects of restricted diet and antioxidants on testis tissue in rats fed with high-fat diet. Iranian Biomedical Journal 19(2): 96.
Sadek, K.M. 2014. Chemotherapeutic efficacy of an ethanolic M oringa oleifera leaf extract against chromium‐induced testicular toxicity in rats. Andrologia 46(9): 1047-1054.
Salahshoor, M.R.; Haghjoo, M.; Roshankhah, S.; Makalani, F. & Jalili, C. 2018. Effect of thymoquinone on reproductive parameter in morphine-treated male mice. Advanced Biomedical Research 7.17.
Saleh, A.A. & El-Magd, M.A. 2018. Beneficial effects of dietary silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate on broiler nutrition. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25(27): 27031-27038.
Shabgah, A.G.; Qasim, M.T.; Mostafavi, S.M.; Zekiy, A.O.; Ezzatifar, F.; Ahmadi, M.; Haftcheshmeh, S.M. & Navashenaq, J.G. 2021. CXC chemokine ligand 16: A swiss army knife chemokine in cancer. Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 23.
Sibuyi, N.R.S.; Moabelo, K.L.; Meyer, M.; Onani, M.O.; Dube, A. & Madiehe, A.M. 2019. Nanotechnology advances towards development of targeted-treatment for obesity. Journal of Nanobiotechnology 17(1): 1-21.
Sozen, E.; Demirel‐Yalciner, T.; Koroglu, M.K.; Elmas, M.A.; Ercan, F. & Ozer, N.K. 2021. High cholesterol diet activates ER stress mediated apoptosis in testes tissue: Role of α‐tocopherol. IUBMB life 2021.
Tahmasebi, S.; Qasim, M.T.; Krivenkova, M.V.; Zekiy, A.O.; Thangavelu, L.; Aravindhan, S.; Izadi, M.; Jadidi‐Niaragh, F.; Ghaebi, M.; Aslani, S. & Aghebat‐Maleki, L. 2021. The effects of oxygen–ozone therapy on regulatory T‐cell responses in multiple sclerosis patients. Cell Biology International Mar 16.
Woods, S.C.; Seeley, R.J.; Rushing, P.A.; D'Alessio, D. & Tso, P. 2003. A controlled high-fat diet induces an obese syndrome in rats. The Journal of Nutrition 133(4): 1081-1087.
Zainab, I.M. & Maytham T.Q. 2021. Hormonal profile of men during infertility. Biochemical and Cellular Archives 21(Supp. 1): 2895-2898.
Zhang, T.L.; Wang, Q.; Chen, L. & C. Chen, 2014. Cytotoxic potential of silver nanoparticles. Yonsei Medical Journal 55(2): 283-291.
Zhang, X.F.; Liu, Z.G.; Shen, W. & Gurunathan, S. 2016. Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, properties, applications, and therapeutic approaches. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17(9): 1534.
Ash, G.I.; Kim, D. & Choudhury, M. 2019. Promises of nanotherapeutics in obesity. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism 30(6): 369-383.
Askari, M.; Heshmati, J.; Shahinfar, H.; Tripathi, N. & Daneshzad, E. 2020. Ultra-processed food and the risk of overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. International Journal of Obesity 44(10): 2080-2091.
Azez, S.G. & Hamza, N.M. 2020. Study of the preventive role of cranberry extract on some physiological parameters in male rate induced by sodium fluoride. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 23: 156-164.
Black, M.H.; Watanabe, R.M.; Trigo, E.; Takayanagi, M.; Lawrence, J.M.; Buchanan, T.A. & Xiang, A.H. 2013. High-fat diet is associated with obesity-mediated insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in Mexican Americans. The Journal of Nutrition 143(4): 479-485.
Bojková, B.; Kurhaluk, N. & Winklewski, P.J. 2021. The interconnection of high-fat diets, oxidative stress, the heart, and carcinogenesis. In Cancer. Academic Press. pp: 111-120.
Campos-Silva, P.; Furriel, A.; Costa, W.S.; Sampaio, F.J. & Gregório, B.M. 2015. Metabolic and testicular effects of the long-term administration of different high-fat diets in adult rats. International Brazilian Journal of Urology 41: 569-575.
Demirci, T. & Sahin, E. 2019. The effect of chronic stress and obesity on sperm quality and testis histology in male rats; a morphometric and immunohistochemical study. Histol. Histopathol 34: 287-302.
Flora, S.J. & Pachauri, V. 2011. Moringa (Moringa oleifera) seed extract and the prevention of oxidative stress. In Nuts and seeds in health and disease prevention. Academic Press. pp: 775-785.
Foote, R.H. & Carney, E.W. 2000. The rabbit as a model for reproductive and developmental toxicity studies. Reproductive Toxicology 14(6): 477-493.
Funes, A.; Lancellotti, T.S.; Santillan, L.D.; Della Vedova, M.C.; Monclus, M.A.; Cabrillana, M.E.. & Fornes, M.W. 2019. A chronic high-fat diet causes sperm head alterations in C57BL/6J mice. Heliyon 5(11): e02868.
Giulia, C.; Simona, M.; Elena, M.; Daniela, C.; Lucia, M.; Anna Ida, F. & Cesare, C. 2020. Oxidative and/or Inflammatory Thrust Induced by Silver Nanoparticles in Rabbits: Effect of Vitamin E or NSAID Administration on Semen Parameters. Mediators of Inflammation 2020.
Govindasamy, R. & Rahuman, A.A. 2012. Histopathological studies and oxidative stress of synthesized silver nanoparticles in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Journal of Environmental Sciences 24(6): 1091-1098.
Hales, D.B.; Allen, J.A.; Shankara, T.; Janus, P.; Buck, S.; Diemer, T. & Hales, K.H. 2005. Mitochondrial function in Leydig cell steroidogenesis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1061(1): 120-134.
Hamed, H.S. & El-Sayed, Y.S. 2019. Antioxidant activities of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against pendimethalin-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 45(1): 71-82.
hang, Y.; Liu, J.; Yao, J., Ji, G.; Qian, L.; Wang, J. & Liu, Y. 2014. Obesity: pathophysiology and intervention. Nutrients 6(11): 5153-5183.
Jalili, C.; Salahshoor, M.R. & Naderi, T. 2015. The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of P. crispum on sperm parameters, testis tissue and serum nitric oxide levels in mice. Advanced Biomedical Research 4.
Jarukamjorn, K.; Jearapong,N.; Pimson, C. & Chatuphonprasert, W. 2016. A high-fat, high-fructose diet induces antioxidant imbalance and increases the risk and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Scientifica, 2016.
Kumar, N.; Krishnani,K.K.; Gupta,S.K. & Singh, N.P. 2018. Effects of silver nanoparticles on stress biomarkers of Channa striatus: immuno-protective or toxic? Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25(15): 14813-14826.
Kushner, R.F. 2014. Weight loss strategies for treatment of obesity. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 56(4): 465-472.
Lawal, B.; Shittu, O.K.; Inje, O.F.; Berinyuy, E.B. & Muhammed, H. 2016. Potential antioxidants and hepatoprotectives from African natural products: A review. Clinical Phytoscience 2(1): 23.
Mabrouki, L.; Rjeibi, I.; Taleb, J. & Zourgui, L. 2020. Cardiac ameliorative effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in high-fat diet-induced obesity in rat model. BioMed Research International 2020.
Matsuzawa-Nagata, N.; Takamura, T.; Ando, H.; Nakamura, S.; Kurita, S.; Misu, H. & Kaneko, S. 2008. Increased oxidative stress precedes the onset of high-fat diet–induced insulin resistance and obesity. Metabolism 57(8): 1071-1077.
Matuszewska, J.; Ziarniak, K.; Dudek, M.; Kołodziejski, P.; Pruszyńska-Oszmałek, E. & Śliwowska, J.H. 2020. Effects of short-term exposure to high-fat diet on histology of male and female gonads in rats. Acta Histochemica 122(5): 151558.
Naughton, C.K.; Nangia, A.K. & Agarwal, A. 2001. Varicocele and male infertility: part II: pathophysiology of varicoceles in male infertility. Human Reproduction Update 7(5): 473-481.
Nayak, G.; Vadinkar, A.; Nair, S.; Kalthur, S.G.; D'Souza, A.S.; Shetty, P.K. & Adiga, S.K. 2016. Sperm abnormalities induced by pre‐pubertal exposure to cyclophosphamide are effectively mitigated by Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Andrologia 48(2): 125-136.
Othman, A.I.; Amer, M.A.; Basos, A.S. &. El-Missiry, M. 2016. AMoringa oleifera leaf extract ameliorated high-fat diet-induced obesity, oxidative stress and disrupted metabolic hormones. Clinical Phytoscience 5(1): 1-10.
Qasim, M.T. & Al-Mayali, H.K. 2019. Investigate the relation between Baicalin effect and gene expression of LH, FSH, Testosterone in male rats treated with Gemcitabine drug. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 12(9): 4135-41.
Rahman, H.A.; Sahib, N.G.; Saari, N.; Abas, F.; Ismail, A.; Mumtaz, M.W. & Hamid, A.A. 2017. Anti-obesity effect of ethanolic extract from Cosmos caudatus Kunth leaf in lean rats fed a high fat diet. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 17(1): 1-17.
Roushandeh, A.M.; Salehi, I. & Mortazavi, M. 2015. Protective effects of restricted diet and antioxidants on testis tissue in rats fed with high-fat diet. Iranian Biomedical Journal 19(2): 96.
Sadek, K.M. 2014. Chemotherapeutic efficacy of an ethanolic M oringa oleifera leaf extract against chromium‐induced testicular toxicity in rats. Andrologia 46(9): 1047-1054.
Salahshoor, M.R.; Haghjoo, M.; Roshankhah, S.; Makalani, F. & Jalili, C. 2018. Effect of thymoquinone on reproductive parameter in morphine-treated male mice. Advanced Biomedical Research 7.17.
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