Main Article Content
Abstract
The genus Alburnus (Cyprinidae) is distributed in Europe and northern southwest Asia with about 38 species among which seven species are present in Iran. In this study 229 specimens of Alburnus mossulensis were collected from eight rivers of Tigris sub basin which drain into the Persian Gulf, and were fixed in %10 formalin for further investigation. Eighteen morphometric and 12 meristic characters of the each specimen and their weight were measured. Morphometric characters in ratio method and meristic characters in classification method were used for population comparison. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences (P<0.05) in all population in all morphometric characters, except interorbital depth/head width. Classification of meristic characters showed most specimens of all populations has eight soft rays in dorsal fin, 10 soft rays in anal fin, 19 soft rays in caudal fin, 15 soft rays in pectoral fin, nine soft rays in pelvic fin, 2.4.5-5.4.2 formula in Pharyngeal teeth type, and 42 vertebrae. ANOVA showed significant differences (P<0.05) in means of all meristic characters among the populations. DFA analysis showed a low degree of separation among four populations of Abdanan, Leileh, Little Zab and Shoisheh from each other, but high separation from other population and high separation among the other populations of A. mossulensis.
Keywords
Meristics
Morphometrics
Mossul bleak
Phenotypic variation
Taxonomy.
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
KEIVANY, Y., MOUSAVI, S. M. A., DORAFSHAN, S., & ZAMANI-FARADONBE, M. (2016). Morphological variations of Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 populations in the Tigris tributaries of the Persian Gulf basin in Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 3(3), 190–202. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v3i3.178
References
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Allendorf, F.W.; Ryman, N. & Utter, F. 1987. Genetics and fishery management: past, present and future. In population genetics and fisheries management. University of Washington Press, Seattle, USA. 20 p.
Balon, E.K. 1993. Dynamics of biodiversity and mechanisms of change: a plea for balanced attention to form creation and extinction. Biological Conservation 66: 5-16.
Bronte, C.R.; Fleischer, G.W.; Maistrenko, S.G. & Pronin, N.M. 1999. Stock structure of Lake Baikal omul as determined by whole body morphology. Journal of Fish Biology 54: 787-798.
Brraich, O.S. & Akhter, S. 2015. Morphometric characters and meristic counts of a fish, Crossocheilus latius latius (Hamilton-Buchanan) from Ranjit Sagar Wetland, India. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2(5): 260-265.
Coad, B.W. 2016. Freshwater fishes of Iran. www.briancoad.com. Last accessed on May 05, 2016.
Creech, S. 1992. A multivariate morphometric investigation of Atherina boyeri Risso. 1810 and A. presbyter cuvier 1829 (Teloostei: Atherinidae) morphometric evidence in support of the two species. Journal of Fish Biology 41: 341-353.
Elp, M.; Şen, F. & Özuluğ, M. 2015. Alburnus selcuklui, a new species of cyprinid fish from east Anatolia, Turkey (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Turkish Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 15: 181-186.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Coad, B.W.; Gholamifard, A.; Nazari, N. & Teimori, A. 2010. Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Iran. Zoosystematica Rossica 19: 361-386.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Babai, S.; Gholamifard, A.; Pazira, A.; Gholamhosseini, A. & Coad, B.W. 2015. Fishes of the Persis region of Iran: an updated checklist and ichthyogeography. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 3: 201-223.
Gholami, Z.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Reichenbacher, B. 2015a. New data on the zoogeography of Aphanius sophiae (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) in the Central Zagros (Southwest Iran). Limnologica 51: 70–82.
Gholami, Z.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Erpenbeck, D. & Reichenbacher, B. 2015b. Genetic connectivity and phenotypic plasticity in the cyprinodont Aphanius farsicus from the Maharlu Basin, Southwest Iran. Journal of Fish Biology 86: 882-906.
Guill, J.M.; Hood, C.S. & Heins, D.C. 2003. Body shape variation within and among three species of darters (Perciformes: Percidae). Ecology of Freshwater Fish 12: 134-140.
Hockaday, S.; Beddow, T.A.; Stone, M.; Hancock, P. & Ross, L.G. 2000. Using truss networks to estimate the biomass of Oreochromis niloticus and to investigate shape characters. Journal of Fish Biology 57: 981-1000.
Ibañez, A.L.; Cowx, I.G. & O’Higgins, P. 2007. Geometric morphometric analysis of fish scales for identifying genera, species, and local populations within the Mugilidae. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64: 1091-1100.
Keivany, Y.; Nezamoleslami, A. & Dorafshan, S. 2015. Morphological diversity of Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) populations in Iran. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 2: 148-154.
Keivany, Y.; Nasri, M.; Abbasi, K. & Abdoli, A. 2016. Atlas of Inland Water Fishes of Iran. Iran Department of Environment Press. In press.
Maltagliati, F.; Domenici, P.; Fosch, C.F.; Cossu, P.; Casu, M. & Castelli, A. 2003. Small-scale morphological and genetic differentiation in the Mediterranean killifish Aphanius fasciatus (Cyprinodontidae) from a coastal brackish-water pond and an adjacent pool in northern Sardinia. Oceanologica Acta 26: 111–119.
Mamuris, Z.; Apostolidis, A.P.; Panagiotaki, P.; Theodorou, A.J. & Triantaphllidis, C. 1998. Morphological variation between red mullet populations in Greece. Journal of Fish Biology 52: 107-117.
Mohadasi, M.; Shabanipour, N. & Eagderi, S. 2013. Habitat-associated morphological divergence in four Shemaya, Alburnus chalcoides (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) populations in the southern Caspian Sea using geometric morphometrics analysis. International Journal of Aquatic Biology 1(2): 82-92.
Mousavi-Sabet, H.; Abdollahpour, S.; Salehi-Farsani, A.; Vatandoust, S.; Langroudi, H.F.; Jamalzade, H.R. & Nasrollahzadeh, A. 2013. Length-weight and length-length relationships and condition factor of Alburnus mossulensis (Heckel, 1843) from the Persian Gulf basin. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation and Legislation-International 6(4): 297-302.
Mousavi-Sabet, H.; Khataminejad, S. & Vatandoust, S. 2014. Length-weight and length-length relations of the seven endemic Alburnus species (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in Iran. Acta Ichthyologica Et Piscatoria 44(2). 157-158.
Mousavi-Sabet, H.; Vatandoust, S.; Khataminejad, S.; Eagderi, S.; Abbasi, K.; Nasri, M.; Jouladeh, A. & Vasil’eva, E.D. 2015. Alburnus amirkabiri (Teleostei), a new species of shemaya from the Namak Lake basin, Iran. Journal of Ichthyology 55(1): 40-52.
Nacua, S.S.; Dorado, E.L.; Torres, M.A.J. & Demayo, C.G. 2010. Body shape variation between two populations of the white Goby, Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton and Buchanan). Research Journal of Fisheries & Hydrobiology 5: 44-51.
Nasri, M.; Eagderi, S.; Farahmand, H. & Segherloo, I.H. 2013. Body shape comparison of Cyprinion macrostomum (Heckel, 1843) and Cyprinion watsoni (Day, 1872) using geometric morphometric method. International Journal of Aquatic Biology 1(5): 240-244.
Peres-Neto, P.R. & Magnan, P. 2004. The influence of swimming demand on phenotypic plasticity and morphological integration: a comparison of two polymorphic charr species. Oecologia 140: 36–45.
Samaradivakara, S.P.; Hirimuthugoda, N.Y.; Gunawardana, R.H.A.N.M.; Illeperuma, R.J.; Fernandopulle, N.D.; De Silva, A.D. & Alexander, P.A.B.D. 2012. Morphological variation of four tilapia populations in selected reservoirs in Sri Lanka. Tropical Agricultural Research 23(2): 105–116.
Stearns, S.C. 1983. A natural experiment in life-history evolution: field data on the introduction of mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) to Hawaii. Evolution 37: 601-617.
Swain, D.P. & Foote, C.J. 1999. Stocks and chameleons the use of phenotypic variation in stock identification. Fisheries Research 43: 113-128.
Swain, D.P.; Ridell, B.E. & Murray, C.B. 1991. Morphological differences between hatchery and wild populations of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): environmental versus genetic origin. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48:1783-1791.
Wimberger, P.H. 1992. Plasticity of fish body shape. The effects of diet, development, family and age in two species of Geophagus (Pisces: Cichlidae). Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 45(3): 197-218.
Yavno, S.; Fox, M.G.; Vila-Gispert, A. & Bhagat, Y. 2013. Morphological differences between native and non-native pumpkinseed in traits associated with locomotion. Environmental Biology of Fishes 96: 507-518.
Yousefian, M.; Keshavarz, K. & Yagoubi Kafshkari, Y. 2013. Principal components analysis of Alburnus mossulensis morphology. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences 3(1): 160-165.
References
Allendorf, F.W.; Ryman, N. & Utter, F. 1987. Genetics and fishery management: past, present and future. In population genetics and fisheries management. University of Washington Press, Seattle, USA. 20 p.
Balon, E.K. 1993. Dynamics of biodiversity and mechanisms of change: a plea for balanced attention to form creation and extinction. Biological Conservation 66: 5-16.
Bronte, C.R.; Fleischer, G.W.; Maistrenko, S.G. & Pronin, N.M. 1999. Stock structure of Lake Baikal omul as determined by whole body morphology. Journal of Fish Biology 54: 787-798.
Brraich, O.S. & Akhter, S. 2015. Morphometric characters and meristic counts of a fish, Crossocheilus latius latius (Hamilton-Buchanan) from Ranjit Sagar Wetland, India. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2(5): 260-265.
Coad, B.W. 2016. Freshwater fishes of Iran. www.briancoad.com. Last accessed on May 05, 2016.
Creech, S. 1992. A multivariate morphometric investigation of Atherina boyeri Risso. 1810 and A. presbyter cuvier 1829 (Teloostei: Atherinidae) morphometric evidence in support of the two species. Journal of Fish Biology 41: 341-353.
Elp, M.; Şen, F. & Özuluğ, M. 2015. Alburnus selcuklui, a new species of cyprinid fish from east Anatolia, Turkey (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Turkish Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 15: 181-186.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Coad, B.W.; Gholamifard, A.; Nazari, N. & Teimori, A. 2010. Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Iran. Zoosystematica Rossica 19: 361-386.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Babai, S.; Gholamifard, A.; Pazira, A.; Gholamhosseini, A. & Coad, B.W. 2015. Fishes of the Persis region of Iran: an updated checklist and ichthyogeography. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 3: 201-223.
Gholami, Z.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Reichenbacher, B. 2015a. New data on the zoogeography of Aphanius sophiae (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) in the Central Zagros (Southwest Iran). Limnologica 51: 70–82.
Gholami, Z.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Erpenbeck, D. & Reichenbacher, B. 2015b. Genetic connectivity and phenotypic plasticity in the cyprinodont Aphanius farsicus from the Maharlu Basin, Southwest Iran. Journal of Fish Biology 86: 882-906.
Guill, J.M.; Hood, C.S. & Heins, D.C. 2003. Body shape variation within and among three species of darters (Perciformes: Percidae). Ecology of Freshwater Fish 12: 134-140.
Hockaday, S.; Beddow, T.A.; Stone, M.; Hancock, P. & Ross, L.G. 2000. Using truss networks to estimate the biomass of Oreochromis niloticus and to investigate shape characters. Journal of Fish Biology 57: 981-1000.
Ibañez, A.L.; Cowx, I.G. & O’Higgins, P. 2007. Geometric morphometric analysis of fish scales for identifying genera, species, and local populations within the Mugilidae. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64: 1091-1100.
Keivany, Y.; Nezamoleslami, A. & Dorafshan, S. 2015. Morphological diversity of Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) populations in Iran. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 2: 148-154.
Keivany, Y.; Nasri, M.; Abbasi, K. & Abdoli, A. 2016. Atlas of Inland Water Fishes of Iran. Iran Department of Environment Press. In press.
Maltagliati, F.; Domenici, P.; Fosch, C.F.; Cossu, P.; Casu, M. & Castelli, A. 2003. Small-scale morphological and genetic differentiation in the Mediterranean killifish Aphanius fasciatus (Cyprinodontidae) from a coastal brackish-water pond and an adjacent pool in northern Sardinia. Oceanologica Acta 26: 111–119.
Mamuris, Z.; Apostolidis, A.P.; Panagiotaki, P.; Theodorou, A.J. & Triantaphllidis, C. 1998. Morphological variation between red mullet populations in Greece. Journal of Fish Biology 52: 107-117.
Mohadasi, M.; Shabanipour, N. & Eagderi, S. 2013. Habitat-associated morphological divergence in four Shemaya, Alburnus chalcoides (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) populations in the southern Caspian Sea using geometric morphometrics analysis. International Journal of Aquatic Biology 1(2): 82-92.
Mousavi-Sabet, H.; Abdollahpour, S.; Salehi-Farsani, A.; Vatandoust, S.; Langroudi, H.F.; Jamalzade, H.R. & Nasrollahzadeh, A. 2013. Length-weight and length-length relationships and condition factor of Alburnus mossulensis (Heckel, 1843) from the Persian Gulf basin. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation and Legislation-International 6(4): 297-302.
Mousavi-Sabet, H.; Khataminejad, S. & Vatandoust, S. 2014. Length-weight and length-length relations of the seven endemic Alburnus species (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in Iran. Acta Ichthyologica Et Piscatoria 44(2). 157-158.
Mousavi-Sabet, H.; Vatandoust, S.; Khataminejad, S.; Eagderi, S.; Abbasi, K.; Nasri, M.; Jouladeh, A. & Vasil’eva, E.D. 2015. Alburnus amirkabiri (Teleostei), a new species of shemaya from the Namak Lake basin, Iran. Journal of Ichthyology 55(1): 40-52.
Nacua, S.S.; Dorado, E.L.; Torres, M.A.J. & Demayo, C.G. 2010. Body shape variation between two populations of the white Goby, Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton and Buchanan). Research Journal of Fisheries & Hydrobiology 5: 44-51.
Nasri, M.; Eagderi, S.; Farahmand, H. & Segherloo, I.H. 2013. Body shape comparison of Cyprinion macrostomum (Heckel, 1843) and Cyprinion watsoni (Day, 1872) using geometric morphometric method. International Journal of Aquatic Biology 1(5): 240-244.
Peres-Neto, P.R. & Magnan, P. 2004. The influence of swimming demand on phenotypic plasticity and morphological integration: a comparison of two polymorphic charr species. Oecologia 140: 36–45.
Samaradivakara, S.P.; Hirimuthugoda, N.Y.; Gunawardana, R.H.A.N.M.; Illeperuma, R.J.; Fernandopulle, N.D.; De Silva, A.D. & Alexander, P.A.B.D. 2012. Morphological variation of four tilapia populations in selected reservoirs in Sri Lanka. Tropical Agricultural Research 23(2): 105–116.
Stearns, S.C. 1983. A natural experiment in life-history evolution: field data on the introduction of mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) to Hawaii. Evolution 37: 601-617.
Swain, D.P. & Foote, C.J. 1999. Stocks and chameleons the use of phenotypic variation in stock identification. Fisheries Research 43: 113-128.
Swain, D.P.; Ridell, B.E. & Murray, C.B. 1991. Morphological differences between hatchery and wild populations of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): environmental versus genetic origin. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48:1783-1791.
Wimberger, P.H. 1992. Plasticity of fish body shape. The effects of diet, development, family and age in two species of Geophagus (Pisces: Cichlidae). Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 45(3): 197-218.
Yavno, S.; Fox, M.G.; Vila-Gispert, A. & Bhagat, Y. 2013. Morphological differences between native and non-native pumpkinseed in traits associated with locomotion. Environmental Biology of Fishes 96: 507-518.
Yousefian, M.; Keshavarz, K. & Yagoubi Kafshkari, Y. 2013. Principal components analysis of Alburnus mossulensis morphology. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences 3(1): 160-165.
Balon, E.K. 1993. Dynamics of biodiversity and mechanisms of change: a plea for balanced attention to form creation and extinction. Biological Conservation 66: 5-16.
Bronte, C.R.; Fleischer, G.W.; Maistrenko, S.G. & Pronin, N.M. 1999. Stock structure of Lake Baikal omul as determined by whole body morphology. Journal of Fish Biology 54: 787-798.
Brraich, O.S. & Akhter, S. 2015. Morphometric characters and meristic counts of a fish, Crossocheilus latius latius (Hamilton-Buchanan) from Ranjit Sagar Wetland, India. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2(5): 260-265.
Coad, B.W. 2016. Freshwater fishes of Iran. www.briancoad.com. Last accessed on May 05, 2016.
Creech, S. 1992. A multivariate morphometric investigation of Atherina boyeri Risso. 1810 and A. presbyter cuvier 1829 (Teloostei: Atherinidae) morphometric evidence in support of the two species. Journal of Fish Biology 41: 341-353.
Elp, M.; Şen, F. & Özuluğ, M. 2015. Alburnus selcuklui, a new species of cyprinid fish from east Anatolia, Turkey (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Turkish Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 15: 181-186.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Coad, B.W.; Gholamifard, A.; Nazari, N. & Teimori, A. 2010. Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Iran. Zoosystematica Rossica 19: 361-386.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Babai, S.; Gholamifard, A.; Pazira, A.; Gholamhosseini, A. & Coad, B.W. 2015. Fishes of the Persis region of Iran: an updated checklist and ichthyogeography. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 3: 201-223.
Gholami, Z.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Reichenbacher, B. 2015a. New data on the zoogeography of Aphanius sophiae (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) in the Central Zagros (Southwest Iran). Limnologica 51: 70–82.
Gholami, Z.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Erpenbeck, D. & Reichenbacher, B. 2015b. Genetic connectivity and phenotypic plasticity in the cyprinodont Aphanius farsicus from the Maharlu Basin, Southwest Iran. Journal of Fish Biology 86: 882-906.
Guill, J.M.; Hood, C.S. & Heins, D.C. 2003. Body shape variation within and among three species of darters (Perciformes: Percidae). Ecology of Freshwater Fish 12: 134-140.
Hockaday, S.; Beddow, T.A.; Stone, M.; Hancock, P. & Ross, L.G. 2000. Using truss networks to estimate the biomass of Oreochromis niloticus and to investigate shape characters. Journal of Fish Biology 57: 981-1000.
Ibañez, A.L.; Cowx, I.G. & O’Higgins, P. 2007. Geometric morphometric analysis of fish scales for identifying genera, species, and local populations within the Mugilidae. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64: 1091-1100.
Keivany, Y.; Nezamoleslami, A. & Dorafshan, S. 2015. Morphological diversity of Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) populations in Iran. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 2: 148-154.
Keivany, Y.; Nasri, M.; Abbasi, K. & Abdoli, A. 2016. Atlas of Inland Water Fishes of Iran. Iran Department of Environment Press. In press.
Maltagliati, F.; Domenici, P.; Fosch, C.F.; Cossu, P.; Casu, M. & Castelli, A. 2003. Small-scale morphological and genetic differentiation in the Mediterranean killifish Aphanius fasciatus (Cyprinodontidae) from a coastal brackish-water pond and an adjacent pool in northern Sardinia. Oceanologica Acta 26: 111–119.
Mamuris, Z.; Apostolidis, A.P.; Panagiotaki, P.; Theodorou, A.J. & Triantaphllidis, C. 1998. Morphological variation between red mullet populations in Greece. Journal of Fish Biology 52: 107-117.
Mohadasi, M.; Shabanipour, N. & Eagderi, S. 2013. Habitat-associated morphological divergence in four Shemaya, Alburnus chalcoides (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) populations in the southern Caspian Sea using geometric morphometrics analysis. International Journal of Aquatic Biology 1(2): 82-92.
Mousavi-Sabet, H.; Abdollahpour, S.; Salehi-Farsani, A.; Vatandoust, S.; Langroudi, H.F.; Jamalzade, H.R. & Nasrollahzadeh, A. 2013. Length-weight and length-length relationships and condition factor of Alburnus mossulensis (Heckel, 1843) from the Persian Gulf basin. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation and Legislation-International 6(4): 297-302.
Mousavi-Sabet, H.; Khataminejad, S. & Vatandoust, S. 2014. Length-weight and length-length relations of the seven endemic Alburnus species (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in Iran. Acta Ichthyologica Et Piscatoria 44(2). 157-158.
Mousavi-Sabet, H.; Vatandoust, S.; Khataminejad, S.; Eagderi, S.; Abbasi, K.; Nasri, M.; Jouladeh, A. & Vasil’eva, E.D. 2015. Alburnus amirkabiri (Teleostei), a new species of shemaya from the Namak Lake basin, Iran. Journal of Ichthyology 55(1): 40-52.
Nacua, S.S.; Dorado, E.L.; Torres, M.A.J. & Demayo, C.G. 2010. Body shape variation between two populations of the white Goby, Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton and Buchanan). Research Journal of Fisheries & Hydrobiology 5: 44-51.
Nasri, M.; Eagderi, S.; Farahmand, H. & Segherloo, I.H. 2013. Body shape comparison of Cyprinion macrostomum (Heckel, 1843) and Cyprinion watsoni (Day, 1872) using geometric morphometric method. International Journal of Aquatic Biology 1(5): 240-244.
Peres-Neto, P.R. & Magnan, P. 2004. The influence of swimming demand on phenotypic plasticity and morphological integration: a comparison of two polymorphic charr species. Oecologia 140: 36–45.
Samaradivakara, S.P.; Hirimuthugoda, N.Y.; Gunawardana, R.H.A.N.M.; Illeperuma, R.J.; Fernandopulle, N.D.; De Silva, A.D. & Alexander, P.A.B.D. 2012. Morphological variation of four tilapia populations in selected reservoirs in Sri Lanka. Tropical Agricultural Research 23(2): 105–116.
Stearns, S.C. 1983. A natural experiment in life-history evolution: field data on the introduction of mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) to Hawaii. Evolution 37: 601-617.
Swain, D.P. & Foote, C.J. 1999. Stocks and chameleons the use of phenotypic variation in stock identification. Fisheries Research 43: 113-128.
Swain, D.P.; Ridell, B.E. & Murray, C.B. 1991. Morphological differences between hatchery and wild populations of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): environmental versus genetic origin. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48:1783-1791.
Wimberger, P.H. 1992. Plasticity of fish body shape. The effects of diet, development, family and age in two species of Geophagus (Pisces: Cichlidae). Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 45(3): 197-218.
Yavno, S.; Fox, M.G.; Vila-Gispert, A. & Bhagat, Y. 2013. Morphological differences between native and non-native pumpkinseed in traits associated with locomotion. Environmental Biology of Fishes 96: 507-518.
Yousefian, M.; Keshavarz, K. & Yagoubi Kafshkari, Y. 2013. Principal components analysis of Alburnus mossulensis morphology. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences 3(1): 160-165.