Main Article Content
Abstract
The genotoxicity of Cd, Ni, and Pb was studied on Ceratophyllum demersum L. in three concentrations of 2.5, 5, and 7.5 mg/L. The results showed genotoxic as descending order of Cd > Pb≥ Ni. All concentrations of Cd, Ni, and Pb with the interference of three-elements showed genotoxic effects. Three out of five primers of the RAPD markers showed replication show replication. The total number of bands was 288, polymorphic bands of 11 and monomorphic band of 9 and rare bands of 4 with the polymorphism percentage of 46.36%. The results of the UPGMA for the twenty-two treatments using the RAPD marker showed two main clusters. It was found that the higher concentrations of the heavy metals have the lower the similarity ratio with the control treatment.
Keywords
Aquatic plants
Genotoxicity
RAPD
Genetic divergence
Heavy metals.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
KHALEEL, H. A., JAWAD, H. J., & ALRUFAYE, Z. T. A. (2022). Genotoxic effect of heavy metals on Ceratophyllum demersum L. using RAPD markers. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 9, 46–53. Retrieved from http://www.ijichthyol.org/index.php/iji/article/view/10022-7
References
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Ismael, M.A.; Elyamine, A.M.; Moussa, M.G.; Cai, M.; Zhao, X. & Hu, C. 2019. Cadmium in plants: uptake, toxicity, and its interactions with selenium fertilizers. Metallomics 11(2): 255-277.
Aslam, R.; Ansari, M.Y.K.; Choudhary, S.; Bhat, T.M. & Jahan, N. 2014. Genotoxic effects of heavy metal cadmium on growth, biochemical, cyto-physiological parameters and detection of DNA polymorphism by RAPD in Capsicum annuum L.-An important spice crop of India. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 21(5): 465-472.
Atienzar, F.A.; Conradi, M.; Evenden, A.J.; Jha, A.N. & Depledge, M.H. 1999. Qualitative assessment of genotoxicity using random amplified polymorphic DNA: comparison of genomic template stability with key fitness parameters in Daphnia magna exposed to benzo[a] pyrene. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 18(10): 2275-82.
Bhowmik, N. 2000. Cytotoxic effects of lead compounds on plant systems. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Calcutta, Calcutta.
Cambier, S.; Gonzalez, P.; Durrieu, G. & Bourdineaud, J.P. 2010. Cadmium-induced genotoxicity in zebra fish at environmentally relevant doses. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 73; 312-319.
Cao, X.; Wang, H.; Zhuang, D.; Zhu, H.; Du, Y.; Cheng, Z. & Liu, W. 2018. Roles of MSH2 and MSH6 in cadmium-induced G2/M checkpoint arrest in Arabidopsis roots. Chemosphere 201: 586-594.
Cardwell, A.J.; Hawker, D.W. & Greenway, M. 2002. Metal accumulation in aquatic macrophytes from Southeast Queensland, Australia. Chemosphere 48(7): 653-63.
Dogan, I.; Ozyigit, I.I,; Tombuloglu, G.; Sakcali, M.S.; Tombuloglu, H. 2016. Assessment of Cd-induced genotoxic damage in Urtica pilulifera L. using RAPD-PCR analysis. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 30(2): 284-291
Foroughi, M.; Najafi, P.; Toghiani, A. & Honarjoo, N. 2010. Analysis of pollution removal from wastewater by Ceratophyllum demersum. African Journal of Biotechnology 9(14): 2125-2128.
Gautam, S.; Rathoure, A.K.; Chhabra, A. & Pandey, S.N. 2000. Effects of nickel and zinc on biochemical parameters in plants-a review. Octa Journal of Environmental Research 5(1):14-21.
Graham, J. & McNicol, R.J. 1995. An examination of the ability of RAPD markers to determine the relationships within and between Rubus spp. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 90: 1128-1132.
Gzyl, J.; Chmielowska-Bąk, J.; Przymusiński, R. & Gwóźdź, E.A. 2015. Cadmium affects microtubule organization and post-translational modifications of tubulin in seedlings of soybean (Glycine max L.). Frontiers in Plant Science 6: 937.
Hassan, J.; Jawad, Zeina Thamer, A.; Alrufaye, H.J.A. 2021. The concentration of some trace metals elements in water and tilapia zilli, Coptodon zillii, gills and muscle in rearing ponds of Kerbala region, Iraq. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology (Special issue 1): 255-266
Hunter, P.R. & Gaston, M.A. 1988. Numerical index of discriminatory ability of simpson's index of diversity. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 26:2465-2466.
Huybrechts, M.; Cuypers, A.; Deckers, J.; Iven, V.; Vandionant, S.; Jozefczak, M. & Hendrix, S. 2019. Cadmium and plant development: an agony from seed to seed. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20(16): 3971.
Jawad MM, Abed EH, Oudah HK. 2018. Using of Ceratophyllum demersum L. for lead and cadmium pollution removal by columns technology. Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology 6(1): 19-21.
Jinadasa, N.; Collins, D.; Holford, P.; Milham, P.J. & Conroy, J.P. 2016. Reactions to cadmium stress in a cadmium-tolerant variety of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.): is cadmium tolerance necessarily desirable in food crops? Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23(6): 5296-5306.
Khan, S.; Qureshi, M.I.; Kamaluddin Alam, T. & Abdin, M.Z. 2007. Protocol for isolation of genomic DNA from dry and fresh roots of medicinal plants suitable for RAPD and restriction digestion. African Journal of Biotechnology 6(3): 175-178.
Liu, W.; Yang, Y.S.; Li, P.J.; Zhou, Q.X.; Xie, L.A. & Han, Y.P. 2009. Risk assessment of cadmium-contaminated soil on plant DNA damage using RAPD and physiological indices. Journal of Hazardous Materials 161(2-3): 878-883.
Mishra, V.K. & Tripathi, B.D. 2008. Concurrent removal and accumulation of heavy metals by the three aquatic macrophytes. Bioresource Technology 99(15): 7091-97.
Patra, M.N.; Bhowmik, B. & Bandopadhyay Sharma, A. 2004. Comparison of mercury, lead and arsenic with respect to genotoxic effects on plant systems and the development of genetic tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Botany 52: 199-223.
Silveira, G.L.; Lima, M.G.F.; Dos Reis, G.B.; Palmieri, M.J. & Andrade-Vieria, L.F. 2017. Toxic effects of environmental pollutants: Comparative investigation using Allium cepa L. and Lactuca sativa L. Chemosphere 178: 359-367.
References
Ismael, M.A.; Elyamine, A.M.; Moussa, M.G.; Cai, M.; Zhao, X. & Hu, C. 2019. Cadmium in plants: uptake, toxicity, and its interactions with selenium fertilizers. Metallomics 11(2): 255-277.
Aslam, R.; Ansari, M.Y.K.; Choudhary, S.; Bhat, T.M. & Jahan, N. 2014. Genotoxic effects of heavy metal cadmium on growth, biochemical, cyto-physiological parameters and detection of DNA polymorphism by RAPD in Capsicum annuum L.-An important spice crop of India. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 21(5): 465-472.
Atienzar, F.A.; Conradi, M.; Evenden, A.J.; Jha, A.N. & Depledge, M.H. 1999. Qualitative assessment of genotoxicity using random amplified polymorphic DNA: comparison of genomic template stability with key fitness parameters in Daphnia magna exposed to benzo[a] pyrene. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 18(10): 2275-82.
Bhowmik, N. 2000. Cytotoxic effects of lead compounds on plant systems. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Calcutta, Calcutta.
Cambier, S.; Gonzalez, P.; Durrieu, G. & Bourdineaud, J.P. 2010. Cadmium-induced genotoxicity in zebra fish at environmentally relevant doses. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 73; 312-319.
Cao, X.; Wang, H.; Zhuang, D.; Zhu, H.; Du, Y.; Cheng, Z. & Liu, W. 2018. Roles of MSH2 and MSH6 in cadmium-induced G2/M checkpoint arrest in Arabidopsis roots. Chemosphere 201: 586-594.
Cardwell, A.J.; Hawker, D.W. & Greenway, M. 2002. Metal accumulation in aquatic macrophytes from Southeast Queensland, Australia. Chemosphere 48(7): 653-63.
Dogan, I.; Ozyigit, I.I,; Tombuloglu, G.; Sakcali, M.S.; Tombuloglu, H. 2016. Assessment of Cd-induced genotoxic damage in Urtica pilulifera L. using RAPD-PCR analysis. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 30(2): 284-291
Foroughi, M.; Najafi, P.; Toghiani, A. & Honarjoo, N. 2010. Analysis of pollution removal from wastewater by Ceratophyllum demersum. African Journal of Biotechnology 9(14): 2125-2128.
Gautam, S.; Rathoure, A.K.; Chhabra, A. & Pandey, S.N. 2000. Effects of nickel and zinc on biochemical parameters in plants-a review. Octa Journal of Environmental Research 5(1):14-21.
Graham, J. & McNicol, R.J. 1995. An examination of the ability of RAPD markers to determine the relationships within and between Rubus spp. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 90: 1128-1132.
Gzyl, J.; Chmielowska-Bąk, J.; Przymusiński, R. & Gwóźdź, E.A. 2015. Cadmium affects microtubule organization and post-translational modifications of tubulin in seedlings of soybean (Glycine max L.). Frontiers in Plant Science 6: 937.
Hassan, J.; Jawad, Zeina Thamer, A.; Alrufaye, H.J.A. 2021. The concentration of some trace metals elements in water and tilapia zilli, Coptodon zillii, gills and muscle in rearing ponds of Kerbala region, Iraq. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology (Special issue 1): 255-266
Hunter, P.R. & Gaston, M.A. 1988. Numerical index of discriminatory ability of simpson's index of diversity. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 26:2465-2466.
Huybrechts, M.; Cuypers, A.; Deckers, J.; Iven, V.; Vandionant, S.; Jozefczak, M. & Hendrix, S. 2019. Cadmium and plant development: an agony from seed to seed. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20(16): 3971.
Jawad MM, Abed EH, Oudah HK. 2018. Using of Ceratophyllum demersum L. for lead and cadmium pollution removal by columns technology. Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology 6(1): 19-21.
Jinadasa, N.; Collins, D.; Holford, P.; Milham, P.J. & Conroy, J.P. 2016. Reactions to cadmium stress in a cadmium-tolerant variety of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.): is cadmium tolerance necessarily desirable in food crops? Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23(6): 5296-5306.
Khan, S.; Qureshi, M.I.; Kamaluddin Alam, T. & Abdin, M.Z. 2007. Protocol for isolation of genomic DNA from dry and fresh roots of medicinal plants suitable for RAPD and restriction digestion. African Journal of Biotechnology 6(3): 175-178.
Liu, W.; Yang, Y.S.; Li, P.J.; Zhou, Q.X.; Xie, L.A. & Han, Y.P. 2009. Risk assessment of cadmium-contaminated soil on plant DNA damage using RAPD and physiological indices. Journal of Hazardous Materials 161(2-3): 878-883.
Mishra, V.K. & Tripathi, B.D. 2008. Concurrent removal and accumulation of heavy metals by the three aquatic macrophytes. Bioresource Technology 99(15): 7091-97.
Patra, M.N.; Bhowmik, B. & Bandopadhyay Sharma, A. 2004. Comparison of mercury, lead and arsenic with respect to genotoxic effects on plant systems and the development of genetic tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Botany 52: 199-223.
Silveira, G.L.; Lima, M.G.F.; Dos Reis, G.B.; Palmieri, M.J. & Andrade-Vieria, L.F. 2017. Toxic effects of environmental pollutants: Comparative investigation using Allium cepa L. and Lactuca sativa L. Chemosphere 178: 359-367.
Aslam, R.; Ansari, M.Y.K.; Choudhary, S.; Bhat, T.M. & Jahan, N. 2014. Genotoxic effects of heavy metal cadmium on growth, biochemical, cyto-physiological parameters and detection of DNA polymorphism by RAPD in Capsicum annuum L.-An important spice crop of India. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 21(5): 465-472.
Atienzar, F.A.; Conradi, M.; Evenden, A.J.; Jha, A.N. & Depledge, M.H. 1999. Qualitative assessment of genotoxicity using random amplified polymorphic DNA: comparison of genomic template stability with key fitness parameters in Daphnia magna exposed to benzo[a] pyrene. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 18(10): 2275-82.
Bhowmik, N. 2000. Cytotoxic effects of lead compounds on plant systems. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Calcutta, Calcutta.
Cambier, S.; Gonzalez, P.; Durrieu, G. & Bourdineaud, J.P. 2010. Cadmium-induced genotoxicity in zebra fish at environmentally relevant doses. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 73; 312-319.
Cao, X.; Wang, H.; Zhuang, D.; Zhu, H.; Du, Y.; Cheng, Z. & Liu, W. 2018. Roles of MSH2 and MSH6 in cadmium-induced G2/M checkpoint arrest in Arabidopsis roots. Chemosphere 201: 586-594.
Cardwell, A.J.; Hawker, D.W. & Greenway, M. 2002. Metal accumulation in aquatic macrophytes from Southeast Queensland, Australia. Chemosphere 48(7): 653-63.
Dogan, I.; Ozyigit, I.I,; Tombuloglu, G.; Sakcali, M.S.; Tombuloglu, H. 2016. Assessment of Cd-induced genotoxic damage in Urtica pilulifera L. using RAPD-PCR analysis. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 30(2): 284-291
Foroughi, M.; Najafi, P.; Toghiani, A. & Honarjoo, N. 2010. Analysis of pollution removal from wastewater by Ceratophyllum demersum. African Journal of Biotechnology 9(14): 2125-2128.
Gautam, S.; Rathoure, A.K.; Chhabra, A. & Pandey, S.N. 2000. Effects of nickel and zinc on biochemical parameters in plants-a review. Octa Journal of Environmental Research 5(1):14-21.
Graham, J. & McNicol, R.J. 1995. An examination of the ability of RAPD markers to determine the relationships within and between Rubus spp. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 90: 1128-1132.
Gzyl, J.; Chmielowska-Bąk, J.; Przymusiński, R. & Gwóźdź, E.A. 2015. Cadmium affects microtubule organization and post-translational modifications of tubulin in seedlings of soybean (Glycine max L.). Frontiers in Plant Science 6: 937.
Hassan, J.; Jawad, Zeina Thamer, A.; Alrufaye, H.J.A. 2021. The concentration of some trace metals elements in water and tilapia zilli, Coptodon zillii, gills and muscle in rearing ponds of Kerbala region, Iraq. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology (Special issue 1): 255-266
Hunter, P.R. & Gaston, M.A. 1988. Numerical index of discriminatory ability of simpson's index of diversity. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 26:2465-2466.
Huybrechts, M.; Cuypers, A.; Deckers, J.; Iven, V.; Vandionant, S.; Jozefczak, M. & Hendrix, S. 2019. Cadmium and plant development: an agony from seed to seed. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20(16): 3971.
Jawad MM, Abed EH, Oudah HK. 2018. Using of Ceratophyllum demersum L. for lead and cadmium pollution removal by columns technology. Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology 6(1): 19-21.
Jinadasa, N.; Collins, D.; Holford, P.; Milham, P.J. & Conroy, J.P. 2016. Reactions to cadmium stress in a cadmium-tolerant variety of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.): is cadmium tolerance necessarily desirable in food crops? Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23(6): 5296-5306.
Khan, S.; Qureshi, M.I.; Kamaluddin Alam, T. & Abdin, M.Z. 2007. Protocol for isolation of genomic DNA from dry and fresh roots of medicinal plants suitable for RAPD and restriction digestion. African Journal of Biotechnology 6(3): 175-178.
Liu, W.; Yang, Y.S.; Li, P.J.; Zhou, Q.X.; Xie, L.A. & Han, Y.P. 2009. Risk assessment of cadmium-contaminated soil on plant DNA damage using RAPD and physiological indices. Journal of Hazardous Materials 161(2-3): 878-883.
Mishra, V.K. & Tripathi, B.D. 2008. Concurrent removal and accumulation of heavy metals by the three aquatic macrophytes. Bioresource Technology 99(15): 7091-97.
Patra, M.N.; Bhowmik, B. & Bandopadhyay Sharma, A. 2004. Comparison of mercury, lead and arsenic with respect to genotoxic effects on plant systems and the development of genetic tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Botany 52: 199-223.
Silveira, G.L.; Lima, M.G.F.; Dos Reis, G.B.; Palmieri, M.J. & Andrade-Vieria, L.F. 2017. Toxic effects of environmental pollutants: Comparative investigation using Allium cepa L. and Lactuca sativa L. Chemosphere 178: 359-367.