Main Article Content

Abstract

Eucalyptus camaldulensis is a rapidly growing tree with a variety of applications. The present study aims to investigate the effect of Eucalyptus oil in mice as orally and inhaling, including the side effects, and the pathological changes in the respiratory system. Eucalyptus oil was obtained by extracting the leaves of E. camaldulensis using hydro-distillation. The animals were divided into control group, group inhaled eucalyptus oil, group administered orally, and a mixing group that administered and inhaled eucalyptus oil. When animals administered the oil showed clinical signs and a weight loss. In the hematological parameters, there was an increase in white blood cells and a decrease in red blood cells, hemoglobin and blood platelets. In the inhalation group, no pathological changes were found. The pathological changes in the trachea and lung in group administered eucalyptus oil, and group inhaled eucalyptus oil, no histological changes occurred. An increase in the lumen of the trachea also occurred in experiment animals. It was found that inhalation of eucalyptus oil expands the tracheal lumen and reduces mucus secretion and thus can be used to treat asthma, cough, common colds, obstructive pulmonary and sinusitis, and eucalyptus oil is moderately toxic when administered orally.

Keywords

Inhalation Trachea Lung Hematological parameters Body weight.

Article Details

How to Cite
ALNAJI, Z. M., & ALI, A. K. (2021). Histological and hematological study of eucalyptus oil in the respiratory tract of mice. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 8, 397–411. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v8i0.737

References

    Abed, K.M. & Naife, T.M. 2018. Extraction of Essential Oil from Iraqi Eucalyptus camadulensis leaves by water distillation methods. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 454(1): 012163.
    Agar, N.S.; Ogawa, E.; O'callaghan, S.S. & Hume, I.D. 1998. The effect of Eucalyptus oils on the erythrocytes of koalas. Comparative Haematology International 8(4): 225-229.
    Aglal, A.A.; Nwara, A.M. & Ali, A.A.I. 2010. Toxicity of aqueous extract of Eucalyptus in swiss albino. Suez Canal Veterinary Medical Journal 1: 199-214.
    Ali, B.; Al-Wabel, N.A.; Shams, S.; Ahamad, A.; Khan, S.A. & Anwar, F. 2015. Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 5(8): 601-611.
    Bradley, B.; Starkey, N.; Brown, S.; Lea, R. & Ethnopharmacol, J. 2017. Anxiolytic effects of Lavandula angustifolia odour on the Mongolian gerbil elevated plus maze. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 111(3): 517-525.
    Bayala, B.; Bassole, I.H.N.; Gnoula, C.; Nebie, R.; Yonli, A.; Morel, L. & Simpore, J. 2014. Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities of essential oils of plants from Burkina Faso. PLoS One 9(3): e92122.
    Benson, J.M.; Gomez, A. P.; Wolf, M.L.; Tibbetts, B.M. & March, T.H. 2011. The acute toxicity, tissue distribution, and histopathology of inhaled ricin in Sprague Dawley rats and BALB/c mice.Inhalation Toxicology 23(5): 247-256.
    ‏Blackshaw, J.K.; Fenwick, D.C.; Beattie, A.W. & Allan, D.J. 1988. The behaviour of chickens, mice and rats during euthanasia with chloroform, carbon dioxide and ether. Laboratory Animals 22(1): 67-75.
    Brooker, M.I.H. & Kleinig, D.A. 2006. Field Guide to Eucalyptus. Third edition. Melbourne, South-eastern Australia: Bloomings 1.
    Buchbauer, G. 2000. The detailed analysis of essential oils leads to the understanding of their properties. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 25: 64-67.
    Choudhari, C.V. & Deshmukh P.B. 2007. Acute and subchronic toxicity study of Semecarpus anacardium on haemoblobin percent and RBC count of male albino rat. Journal of Herbal Medicine and Toxicology 1(1): 43-45.
    Dunning, T. 2013. Aromatherapy: overview, safety, and quality issues. Osteoarthritis and Alternative Medicine 1(1): 6.
    Zhou, E.; Fu, Y.; Wei, Z.; Yu, Y.; Zhang, X. & Yang, Z. 2014. Thymol attenuates allergic airway inflammation in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse asthma. Fitoterapia 96: 131-137.
    Esposito, E.R.; Bystrek, M.V. & Klein, J.S. 2014. An elective course in aromatherapy science. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 78(4).‏
    Galigher, A.E. & Kozloff, E.N. 1964. Essentials of practical microtechnique.1st ed. lea and febiger. Philadelphia pp. 40-45.
    Ghasemian, A.; Eslami, M.; Hasanvand, F.; Bozorgi, H. & Al-Abodi, H.R. 2019. Eucalyptus camaldulensis properties for use in the eradication of infections. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology, and Infectious Diseases 65: 234-237.
    Griffith, A. 2007. SPSS FOR Dummies. Wiley Publishing- Inc. Indianapolis, Indiana. pp. 1-363.
    Hu, Z.; Feng, R.; Xiang, F.; Song, X.; Yin, Z.; Zhang, C. & Yin, L. 2014. Acute and subchronic toxicity as well as evaluation of safety pharmacology of eucalyptus oil-water emulsions. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 7(12): 4835.
    Hur, J.S.; Ahn, S.Y.; Koh, Y.J. & Lee, C.I. 2000. Antimicrobial properties of cold-tolerant Eucalyptus species against phytopathogenic fungi and food-borne bacterial pathogens. Plant Pathology Journal 16(5): 286-289.
    Jamel-Al-Layl K.M.S. 2004. Toxicological and histopathological effects of the Cyanobacterium Oscillatoria rubescens on blood and liver of the white albino rats. Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences 12(2): 821.
    kärber, g. 1931. beitrag zur kollektiven behandlung pharmakologischer reihenversuche. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archiv Für Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie 162(4): 480-483.‏
    Kheder, D.A.; Al-Habib, O.A.; Gilardoni, G. & Vidari, G. 2020. Components of Volatile Fractions from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Leaves from Iraqi–Kurdistan and Their Potent Spasmolytic Effects. Molecules 25(4): 804.
    Kuehn, B.M. 2005. CDC: new repellents for West Nile fight. Journal of the American Medical Association 293(21): 2583-2583.‏
    McMahon, L.; George, B. & Hean, R. 2010. Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Primefact 1054: 1-6.
    Li, H.; Huang, L.; Zhou, A.; Li, X. & Sun, J. 2009. Study on antiinflammatory effect of different chemotypes of Cinnamomum camphora on rat arthritis model induced by Freund's adjuvant. Zhongguo Zhong Yao za zhi= Zhongguo Zhong Yao zazhi= China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 34(24): 3251-3254.
    Luna, L.G. 1968. Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.3rd ed., McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, pp. 368.
    Maghsoodlou, M.T.; Kazemipoor, N.; Valizadeh, J.; Seifi, M.F. & Rahneshan, N. 2015. The essential oil composition of Eucalyptus microtheca and Eucalyptus viminalis. Avicenna journal of Phytomedicine 5(6): 540-552.
    Ofusori, D.A. & Adejuwon, A.O. 2011. Histopathological studies of acute and chronic effects of Calliandra portoricensis leaf extract on the stomach and pancreas of adult Swiss albino mice. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 1(3): 182-185.‏
    Oyesina, T.; Salihu, M. & Adedayo, D. 2012. Effect of essential oil of the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus on hematological parameters of Wistar rats. African Journal of Biochemistry Research 6(4): 46-49.‏
    Parasuraman, S.; Raveendran, R. & Kesavan, R. 2010. Blood sample collection in small laboratory animals. Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics 1(2): 87.‏
    Perry, N. & Perry, E. 2006. Aromatherapy in the management of psychiatric disorders clinical and neuropharmacological perspectives. CNS Drugs 20: 257-80.
    Radulović, N.S.; Randjelović, P.J.; Stojanović, N.M.; Blagojević, P.D.; Stojanović-Radić, Z.Z.; Ilić, I. R. & Djordjević, V.B. 2013. Toxic essential oils. Part II: Chemical, toxicological, pharmacological, and microbiological profiles of Artemisia annua L. volatiles. Food and Chemical Toxicology 58: 37-49.‏
    Radulović, N.S.; Dekić, M.S.; Ranđelović, P.J.; Stojanović, N.M.; Zarubica, A.R. & Stojanović-Radić, Z.Z. 2012. Toxic essential oils: anxiolytic, antinociceptive and antimicrobial properties of the yarrow Achillea umbellata Sibth. et Sm. (Asteraceae) volatiles. Food and Chemical Toxicology 50: 2016-2026.
    Rahman, M.F.; Siddiqui, M.K. and Jamil, K. 2001. Effects of vepacide (Azadirachta indica) on aspartate and alanine aminotransferase profiles in a subchronic study with rats. Human & Experimental Toxicology 20(5): 243-249.
    Rantzsch, U.; Vacca, G.; Duck, R. & Gillissen, A. 2009. Anti-inflammatory effects of Myrtol standardized and other essential oils on alveolar macrophages from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. European Journal of Medical Research 14(Suppl 4): 205-209.
    Renne, R.; Brix, A.; Harkema, J.; Herbert, R.; Kittel, K.; Lewis, D.; March, T.; Nagano, K.; Pino, M.; Rittinghausen, S.; Rosenbruch, M.; Tellier P. & Wohrmann, T. 2009. Proliferative and nonproliferative lesions of the rat andmouse respiratory tract. Toxicologic Pathology 37(Suppl): 5S-73S.
    Saif, Y.M.; Barnes, H.J.; Glisson, J.R.; Fadly, A.M.; Mc Dougald, L.R. & Swayne, D.E. 2008. Diseases of Poultry.12th Ed., Iowa State Univ. Press. Blackwell Publishing Company, Iowa, USA. 117-129.
    Sartorelli, P.; Marquioreto, A.D.; Amaral‐Baroli, A.; Lima, M.E.L. & Moreno, P. R.H. 2007. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from two species of Eucalyptus. Phytotherapy Research 21(3): 231-233.
    Shalaby, S.E.; El-Din, M.M.; Abo-Donia, S.A.; Mettwally, M. & Attia, Z.A. 2011. Toxicological Impacts of the Essential Oils from Eucalyptus Eucalyptus globules and Clove Eugenia caryophyllus on Albino rats.‏
    Stojanović, N.M.; Randjelović, P.J.; Mladenović, M.Z.; Ilić, I.R.; Petrović, V.; Stojiljković, N. & Radulović, N.S. 2019. Toxic essential oils, part VI: Acute oral toxicity of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) essential oil in BALB/c mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology 133: 110794.
    Ueno-Iio, T.; Shibakura, M.; Yokota, K.; Aoe, M.; Hyoda, T.; Shinohata, R. & Kataoka, M. 2014. Lavender essential oil inhalation suppresses allergic airway inflammation and mucous cell hyperplasia in a murine model of asthma. Life Sciences 108(2): 109-115.
    Wang, L.; Sun, J.; Li, W.; Lv, Y.; Shi, W.; Wang, G. & Zhao, C. 2017. Protective effect of eucalyptus oil on pulmonary destruction and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rats Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 11(6): 129-136.‏
    Xu, J.; Hu, Z.Q.; Wang, C.; Yin, Z.Q.; Wei, Q.; Zhou, L.J. & Yin, L.Z. 2014. Acute and subacute toxicity study of 1, 8-cineole in mice. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology 7(4): 1495.‏
    Yang, Y.C.; Choi, H.C.; Choi, W.S.; Clark, J.M. & Ahn, Y.J. 2004. Ovicidal and adulticidal activity of Eucalyptus globulus leaf oil terpenoids against Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52: 2507-2511.
    Weldemariam, Y.; Abadi, K.; Gebremariam, G. & Brhane, G. 2015. Phytochemical screening, anthelmintic and antioxidan t activity of Eucalyptus globulus essential oils: Local cough remedy Plant World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4: 52-60.
    Su, Y.; Li, Q.; Yao, C.; Lu, Y. & Hong, J. 2006. Antitumor action of ethanolic extractives from camphor leaves. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress 25(2): 200.
    Zanini, A.; Cherubino, F.; Zampogna, E.; Croce, S.; Pignatti, P. & Spanevello, A. 2015. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and reversibility in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 10: 1155-1161.
    Zhao, C.Z.; Sun, J.B.; Fang, C.Y. & Tang, F.D. 2014. 1, 8-cineol attenuates LPS induced acute pulmonary inflammation in mice. Inflammation 37: 566-572.