Main Article Content
Abstract
The current work was aimed to identify the aerolysin (aerA) and hemolysin (hlyA) genes of A. hydrophila isolates separated from Cyprinus carpio in a farm in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq. Fish samples with external lesions were collected and A. hydrophila was isolated and characterized using traditional cultivation and biochemical techniques. Later, a total of 26 bacterial isolates were subjected to the identification of aerA and hlyA genes by employing PCR method. The clinical signs of the disease were reddish head, anal, and fin bases while the rest of the body was pale. External ulcerative and hemorrhage spots were noticed. In the detection of the bacterial genes, 19 (73%) were positive isolates for aerA and 13 (50%) positive for hlyA genes. Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from common carp contain aerolysin and hemolysin genes that increase the pathological effects on the infected fish.
Keywords
AerA
hlyA
Aquaculture
Carp.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
MUSLEM, E. T., SABEEH, S. A., & JHEEL, W. abd alwahed. (2021). Detection of aerolysin and hemolysin genes in Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 8, 392–396. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v8i0.736
References
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Ababneh, M.; Hananeh, W.; Alzghoul, M. 2020. Mass mortality associated with koi herpesvirus in common carp in Iraq. Heliyon 6(8): e04827.
Adamek, M.; Hazerli, D.; Matras, M.; Teitge, F.; Reichert, M. & Steinhagen, D. 2017b. Viral infections in common carp lead to a disturbance of mucin expression in mucosal tissues. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 71: 353-358.
Adamek, M.; Oschilewski, A.; Wohlsein, P.; Jung-Schroers, V.; Teitge, F.; Dawson, A. 2017a. Experimental infections of different carp strains with the carp edema virus (CEV) give insights into the infection biology of the virus and indicate possible solutions to problems caused by koi sleepy disease (KSD) in carp aquaculture. Veterinary Research 48(1): 27.
Adamek, M.; Teitge, F. & Steinhagen, D. 2019. Quantitative diagnostics of gill diseases in common carp: Not as simple as it seems. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 134(3): 197-207.
Calif, E.; Pick, N.; Dreyfuss, U. & Stahl, S. 2002. Upper extremity infections following common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) handling. Journal of Hand Surgery 27B(1): 78-82.
Citterio, B. & Biavasco, F. 2015. Aeromonas hydrophila virulence. Virulence 6(5): 417-418.
Dishon, A.; Perelberg, A.; Bishara-Shieban, J.; Ilouze, M.; Davidovich, M. & Werker, S. 2021. Detection of carp interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis virus in fish droppings. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71(11): 7285-7291.
Hossain, M.J.; Waldbieser, G.C.; Sun, D.; Capps, N.K.; Hemstreet, W.B. & Carlisle, K. 2013. Implication of lateral genetic transfer in the emergence of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates of epidemic outbreaks in channel catfish. PLoS One 8(11): e80943.
Janda, J.M. & Abbott, S.L. 2010. The genus Aeromonas: Taxonomy, pathogenicity, and infection. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 23(1): 35-73.
Ortega, C.; Cañas-Lopez, L.; Irgang, R.; Fajardo, R.; Poblete-Morales, M.; Valladares-Carranza, B. 2019. First detection of spring viraemia of carp virus in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) affected by a septicaemic disease in Mexico. Journal of Fish Disease 42(5): 667-775.
Pang, M.; Jiang, J.; Xie, X.; Wu, Y.; Dong, Y. & Kwok, A.H.Y. 2015. Novel insights into the pathogenicity of epidemic Aeromonas hydrophila ST251 clones from comparative genomics. Science Reports 5: 9833-9847.
Pȩkala-Safińska, A. 2018. Contemporary threats of bacterial infections in freshwater fish. Journal of Veterinary Research 62(3): 261-217.
Rasmussen-Ivey, C.R.; Figueras, M.J.; McGarey, D. & Liles, M.R. 2016a. Virulence factors of Aeromonas hydrophila: In the wake of reclassification. Frontiers in Microbiology 7(AUG): 1337-1336.
Rasmussen-Ivey, C.R.; Hossain, M.J.; Odom, S.E.; Terhune, J.S.; Hemstreet, W.G.; Shoemaker, C.A. 2016b. Classification of a hypervirulent aeromonas hydrophila pathotype responsible for epidemic outbreaks in warm-water fishes. Frontiers in Microbiology 7: 1615-1630.
Singh. V.; Rathore, G.; Kapoor, D.; Mishra, B.N. & Lakra, W.S. 2008. Detection of aerolysin gene in Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from fish and pond water. Indian Journal of Microbiology 48(4): 453-458.
Toffan, A.; Marsella, A.; Abbadi, M.; Abass, S.; Al-Adhadh, B. & Wood, G. 2020. First detection of koi herpesvirus and carp oedema virus in Iraq associated with a mass mortality in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 67(2): 523-528.
Watanabe, N. & Morita, K. 2020. Diversity in gene arrangement in a DNA region lacking aerA in clinical and environmental Aeromonas hydrophila isolates. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 113(1): 71-81.
Xu, P.; Li, J.; Li, Y.; Cui, R.; Wang, J. & Wang, J. 2021. Genomic insight into the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) genome by sequencing analysis of BAC-end sequences. BMC Genomics 12: 194.
References
Ababneh, M.; Hananeh, W.; Alzghoul, M. 2020. Mass mortality associated with koi herpesvirus in common carp in Iraq. Heliyon 6(8): e04827.
Adamek, M.; Hazerli, D.; Matras, M.; Teitge, F.; Reichert, M. & Steinhagen, D. 2017b. Viral infections in common carp lead to a disturbance of mucin expression in mucosal tissues. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 71: 353-358.
Adamek, M.; Oschilewski, A.; Wohlsein, P.; Jung-Schroers, V.; Teitge, F.; Dawson, A. 2017a. Experimental infections of different carp strains with the carp edema virus (CEV) give insights into the infection biology of the virus and indicate possible solutions to problems caused by koi sleepy disease (KSD) in carp aquaculture. Veterinary Research 48(1): 27.
Adamek, M.; Teitge, F. & Steinhagen, D. 2019. Quantitative diagnostics of gill diseases in common carp: Not as simple as it seems. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 134(3): 197-207.
Calif, E.; Pick, N.; Dreyfuss, U. & Stahl, S. 2002. Upper extremity infections following common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) handling. Journal of Hand Surgery 27B(1): 78-82.
Citterio, B. & Biavasco, F. 2015. Aeromonas hydrophila virulence. Virulence 6(5): 417-418.
Dishon, A.; Perelberg, A.; Bishara-Shieban, J.; Ilouze, M.; Davidovich, M. & Werker, S. 2021. Detection of carp interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis virus in fish droppings. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71(11): 7285-7291.
Hossain, M.J.; Waldbieser, G.C.; Sun, D.; Capps, N.K.; Hemstreet, W.B. & Carlisle, K. 2013. Implication of lateral genetic transfer in the emergence of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates of epidemic outbreaks in channel catfish. PLoS One 8(11): e80943.
Janda, J.M. & Abbott, S.L. 2010. The genus Aeromonas: Taxonomy, pathogenicity, and infection. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 23(1): 35-73.
Ortega, C.; Cañas-Lopez, L.; Irgang, R.; Fajardo, R.; Poblete-Morales, M.; Valladares-Carranza, B. 2019. First detection of spring viraemia of carp virus in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) affected by a septicaemic disease in Mexico. Journal of Fish Disease 42(5): 667-775.
Pang, M.; Jiang, J.; Xie, X.; Wu, Y.; Dong, Y. & Kwok, A.H.Y. 2015. Novel insights into the pathogenicity of epidemic Aeromonas hydrophila ST251 clones from comparative genomics. Science Reports 5: 9833-9847.
Pȩkala-Safińska, A. 2018. Contemporary threats of bacterial infections in freshwater fish. Journal of Veterinary Research 62(3): 261-217.
Rasmussen-Ivey, C.R.; Figueras, M.J.; McGarey, D. & Liles, M.R. 2016a. Virulence factors of Aeromonas hydrophila: In the wake of reclassification. Frontiers in Microbiology 7(AUG): 1337-1336.
Rasmussen-Ivey, C.R.; Hossain, M.J.; Odom, S.E.; Terhune, J.S.; Hemstreet, W.G.; Shoemaker, C.A. 2016b. Classification of a hypervirulent aeromonas hydrophila pathotype responsible for epidemic outbreaks in warm-water fishes. Frontiers in Microbiology 7: 1615-1630.
Singh. V.; Rathore, G.; Kapoor, D.; Mishra, B.N. & Lakra, W.S. 2008. Detection of aerolysin gene in Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from fish and pond water. Indian Journal of Microbiology 48(4): 453-458.
Toffan, A.; Marsella, A.; Abbadi, M.; Abass, S.; Al-Adhadh, B. & Wood, G. 2020. First detection of koi herpesvirus and carp oedema virus in Iraq associated with a mass mortality in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 67(2): 523-528.
Watanabe, N. & Morita, K. 2020. Diversity in gene arrangement in a DNA region lacking aerA in clinical and environmental Aeromonas hydrophila isolates. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 113(1): 71-81.
Xu, P.; Li, J.; Li, Y.; Cui, R.; Wang, J. & Wang, J. 2021. Genomic insight into the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) genome by sequencing analysis of BAC-end sequences. BMC Genomics 12: 194.
Adamek, M.; Hazerli, D.; Matras, M.; Teitge, F.; Reichert, M. & Steinhagen, D. 2017b. Viral infections in common carp lead to a disturbance of mucin expression in mucosal tissues. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 71: 353-358.
Adamek, M.; Oschilewski, A.; Wohlsein, P.; Jung-Schroers, V.; Teitge, F.; Dawson, A. 2017a. Experimental infections of different carp strains with the carp edema virus (CEV) give insights into the infection biology of the virus and indicate possible solutions to problems caused by koi sleepy disease (KSD) in carp aquaculture. Veterinary Research 48(1): 27.
Adamek, M.; Teitge, F. & Steinhagen, D. 2019. Quantitative diagnostics of gill diseases in common carp: Not as simple as it seems. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 134(3): 197-207.
Calif, E.; Pick, N.; Dreyfuss, U. & Stahl, S. 2002. Upper extremity infections following common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) handling. Journal of Hand Surgery 27B(1): 78-82.
Citterio, B. & Biavasco, F. 2015. Aeromonas hydrophila virulence. Virulence 6(5): 417-418.
Dishon, A.; Perelberg, A.; Bishara-Shieban, J.; Ilouze, M.; Davidovich, M. & Werker, S. 2021. Detection of carp interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis virus in fish droppings. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71(11): 7285-7291.
Hossain, M.J.; Waldbieser, G.C.; Sun, D.; Capps, N.K.; Hemstreet, W.B. & Carlisle, K. 2013. Implication of lateral genetic transfer in the emergence of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates of epidemic outbreaks in channel catfish. PLoS One 8(11): e80943.
Janda, J.M. & Abbott, S.L. 2010. The genus Aeromonas: Taxonomy, pathogenicity, and infection. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 23(1): 35-73.
Ortega, C.; Cañas-Lopez, L.; Irgang, R.; Fajardo, R.; Poblete-Morales, M.; Valladares-Carranza, B. 2019. First detection of spring viraemia of carp virus in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) affected by a septicaemic disease in Mexico. Journal of Fish Disease 42(5): 667-775.
Pang, M.; Jiang, J.; Xie, X.; Wu, Y.; Dong, Y. & Kwok, A.H.Y. 2015. Novel insights into the pathogenicity of epidemic Aeromonas hydrophila ST251 clones from comparative genomics. Science Reports 5: 9833-9847.
Pȩkala-Safińska, A. 2018. Contemporary threats of bacterial infections in freshwater fish. Journal of Veterinary Research 62(3): 261-217.
Rasmussen-Ivey, C.R.; Figueras, M.J.; McGarey, D. & Liles, M.R. 2016a. Virulence factors of Aeromonas hydrophila: In the wake of reclassification. Frontiers in Microbiology 7(AUG): 1337-1336.
Rasmussen-Ivey, C.R.; Hossain, M.J.; Odom, S.E.; Terhune, J.S.; Hemstreet, W.G.; Shoemaker, C.A. 2016b. Classification of a hypervirulent aeromonas hydrophila pathotype responsible for epidemic outbreaks in warm-water fishes. Frontiers in Microbiology 7: 1615-1630.
Singh. V.; Rathore, G.; Kapoor, D.; Mishra, B.N. & Lakra, W.S. 2008. Detection of aerolysin gene in Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from fish and pond water. Indian Journal of Microbiology 48(4): 453-458.
Toffan, A.; Marsella, A.; Abbadi, M.; Abass, S.; Al-Adhadh, B. & Wood, G. 2020. First detection of koi herpesvirus and carp oedema virus in Iraq associated with a mass mortality in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 67(2): 523-528.
Watanabe, N. & Morita, K. 2020. Diversity in gene arrangement in a DNA region lacking aerA in clinical and environmental Aeromonas hydrophila isolates. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 113(1): 71-81.
Xu, P.; Li, J.; Li, Y.; Cui, R.; Wang, J. & Wang, J. 2021. Genomic insight into the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) genome by sequencing analysis of BAC-end sequences. BMC Genomics 12: 194.