Main Article Content
Abstract
CMV (cytomegalovirus) is a widespread virus and body retains the virus for the rest of the life after infection. Since CMV impacts on person’s health, CMV infection can be deadly for patients with compromised immune systems, including those undergone an organ, stem cell, or bone marrow transplant. This work aimed to study the relationship between viral infection of CMV and leucopenic cancer patients. A total of 170 blood samples were taken from patients who agreed to participate (cross-sectional study). Middle Euphrates Cancer Center participants were separated into two groups: 80 cancer patients with Leucopenia, 90 cancer patients without Leucopenia, without Leucopenia. 80 people had 50 lgM-positive (62.5%), 61 IgG-positive (76%) and 45 CMV-Ags positive cases (56 % ). In mild cases, 8 IgM and 9 IgG positive patients were found. There were also 5 CMV-Ags positives (51,2 %). 25 IgM positive, 19 IgG positive, 17 CMV-Ag 6 positive. There were 23 IgM positives, 31 IgG positives, and 23 viral Ag positives. (10,11 %). The current study showed the existence of viral infections in the group of cancer patients who suffer from leucopenia compared to the group of patients without. Because of a weakened immune system, the virus reactivated.
Keywords
CMV
Leucopenia
Cancer patients
ELlSA
IgM
IgG.
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
AL-MAKHZOOMY, T. A. K., AL KUFI, S. G. J., OBAID KHZAL, A. M., YASIR, S. J., & ARIDHEE, A. S. A. (2021). Leucopenia and Cytomegalovirus infection in chemotherapy cancer patients in Najaf, Iraq. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 8, 267–273. Retrieved from http://www.ijichthyol.org/index.php/iji/article/view/010036
References
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Adane, T. & Getawa, S. 2021. Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence among blood donors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of International Medical Research 49(8): 03000605211034656.
Alberts, B.; Johnson, A.; Lewis, M.; Raff, M.; Roberts, K. & Walter, P. 2002. Leukocyte also known as macrophages functions and percentage breakdown. Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.). New York: Garland Science. ISBN 0-8153-4072-9.
Al-Sabri, A.M.A.; Al-Arnoot, S.; Al-Madhagi, A.K. & Al-Shamahy, H.A. 2017. Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus among Healthy Blood Donors in Sana’a City, Yemen. Infectious and Non Infectious Diseases 3: 016.
Amarapal, P.; Tantivanich, S. & Balachandra, K. 2001. Prevalence of cytomegalovirus in Thai blood donors by monoclonal staining of blood leukocytes. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 32(1): 148-153.
Beebe, S.J. 2021. usEP induce regulated cell death mechanisms. In: Ultrashort Electric Pulse Effects in Biology and Medicine. Springer, Singapore. pp: 227-263.
Bodey, G.P.; Buckley, M.; Sathe, Y.S. & Freireich, E.J. 1966. Quantitative relationships between circulating leukocytes and infection in patients with acute leukemia. Annals of Internal Medicine 64(2): 328-340.
Borchers, A.T.; Perez, R.; Kaysen, G.; Ansari, A.A. & Gershwin, M.E. 1999. Role of cytomegalovirus infection in allograft rejection: a review of possible mechanisms. Transplant Immunology 7(2): 75-82.
Cooke, M.E.; Potena, L.; Luikart, H. & Valantine, H.A. 2006. Peripheral blood leukocyte counts in cytomegalovirus infected heart transplant patients: impact of acute disease versus subclinical infection. Transplantation 82(11): 1419-1424.
Einhorn, L. & Öst, Å. 1984. Cytomegalovirus infection of human blood cells. Journal of Infectious Diseases 149(2): 207-214.
Furui, Y.; Satake, M.; Hoshi, Y.; Uchida, S.; Suzuki, K. & Tadokoro, K. 2013. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seroprevalence in J apanese blood donors and high detection frequency of CMV DNA in elderly donors. Transfusion 53(10): 2190-2197.
Gerna, G.; Furione, M.; Baldanti, F. & Sarasini, A. 1994. Comparative quantitation of human cytomegalovirus DNA in blood leukocytes and plasma of transplant and AIDS patients. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 32(11): 2709-2717.
Gerna, G.; Parea, M.; Percivalle, E.; Zipeto, D.; Silini, E.; Barbarini, G. & Milanesi, G. 1990. Human cytomegalovirus viraemia in HIV-1-seropositive patients at various clinical stages of infection. AIDS (London, England) 4(10): 1027-1031.
Glock, B.; Schistal, E. & Mayr, W.R. 2003. CMV DNA in blood donors with IgM and IgG CMV antibodies. Transfusion 43(10): 1493-1494.
Henry, N.; Baiju, N.M.; Bhaskaran, R.; Sudha, S.P. & Thomas, T. 2016. Cytomegalovirus Seroprevalence among Blood Donors in Kerala. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research 3: 3008-3010.
Henry, N.; Baiju, N.M.; Bhaskaran, R.; Sudha, S.P. & Thomas, T. Cytomegalovirus Seroprevalence among Blood Donors in Kerala.
Jobier, A. & Ali, M.A. 2018. Frequency Rate of Cytomegalovirus Antibodies among Blood Donors in Khartoum State. African Journal of Medical Sciences 3(2).
Miller, M.J.; Bovey, S.; Pado, K.; Bruckner, D.A. & Wagar, E.A. 1994. Application of PCR to multiple specimen types for diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection: comparison with cell culture and shell vial assay. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 32(1): 5-10.
Mori, T.; Nakamura, M.; Shimizu, K.; Ikeda, Y. & Ando, K. 1999. In vivo disturbance of hematopoiesis in mice persistently infected with murine cytomegalovirus: Impairment of stromal cell function. Virology 253(2): 145-154.
Nogalski, M.T.; Collins-McMillen, D. & Yurochko, A.D. 2014. Overview of human cytomegalovirus pathogenesis. Human Cytomegaloviruses. Springer, pp. 15-28.
Petrakopoulou, P.; Kübrich, M.; Pehlivanli, S.; Meiser, B.; Reichart, B.; von Scheidt, W. & Weis, M. 2004. Cytomegalovirus infection in heart transplant recipients is associated with impaired endothelial function. Circulation 110(suppl 1): II-207.
Storch, G.A.; Buller, R.S.; Bailey, T.C.; Ettinger, N.A.; Langlois, T.; Gaudreault-Keener, M. & Welby, P.L. 1994. Comparison of PCR and pp65 antigenemia assay with quantitative shell vial culture for detection of cytomegalovirus in blood leukocytes from solid-organ transplant recipients. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 32(4): 997-1003.
Tagarro, A.; Del Valle, R.; Dominguez-Rodríguez, S.; Baquero-Artigao, F.; Noguera-Julian, A.; Vives-Oñós, I. & Blázquez-Gamero, D. 2019. Growth Patterns in Children with Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 38(12): 1230-1235.
Vital and Health Statistics Series. 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
Wagner, J.A.; Ross, H.; Hunt, S.; Gamberg, P.; Valantine, H.; Merigan, T.C. & Stinson, E.B. 1995. Prophylactic ganciclovir treatment reduces fungal as well as cytomegalovirus infections after heart transplantation. Transplantation 60(12): 1473-1477.
Wu, Y.; Zou, S.; Cable, R.; Dorsey, K.; Tang, Y.; Hapip, C.A. & Dodd, R. 2010. Direct assessment of cytomegalovirus transfusion‐transmitted risks after universal leukoreduction. Transfusion 50(4): 776-786.
Yamani, M.H.; Avery, R.; Mawhorter, S.; Young, J.B.; McNeill, A.; Cook, D.J. & Starling, R.C. 2001. Hypogammaglobulinemia after heart transplantation: impact of pre‐emptive use of immunoglobulin replacement (CytoGam®) on infection and rejection outcomes. Transplant Infectious Disease 3: 40-43.
Ziemann, M.; Unmack, A.; Steppat, D.; Juhl, D.; Görg, S. & Hennig, H. 2010. The natural course of primary cytomegalovirus infection in blood donors. Vox Sanguinis 99(1): 24-33.
References
Adane, T. & Getawa, S. 2021. Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence among blood donors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of International Medical Research 49(8): 03000605211034656.
Alberts, B.; Johnson, A.; Lewis, M.; Raff, M.; Roberts, K. & Walter, P. 2002. Leukocyte also known as macrophages functions and percentage breakdown. Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.). New York: Garland Science. ISBN 0-8153-4072-9.
Al-Sabri, A.M.A.; Al-Arnoot, S.; Al-Madhagi, A.K. & Al-Shamahy, H.A. 2017. Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus among Healthy Blood Donors in Sana’a City, Yemen. Infectious and Non Infectious Diseases 3: 016.
Amarapal, P.; Tantivanich, S. & Balachandra, K. 2001. Prevalence of cytomegalovirus in Thai blood donors by monoclonal staining of blood leukocytes. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 32(1): 148-153.
Beebe, S.J. 2021. usEP induce regulated cell death mechanisms. In: Ultrashort Electric Pulse Effects in Biology and Medicine. Springer, Singapore. pp: 227-263.
Bodey, G.P.; Buckley, M.; Sathe, Y.S. & Freireich, E.J. 1966. Quantitative relationships between circulating leukocytes and infection in patients with acute leukemia. Annals of Internal Medicine 64(2): 328-340.
Borchers, A.T.; Perez, R.; Kaysen, G.; Ansari, A.A. & Gershwin, M.E. 1999. Role of cytomegalovirus infection in allograft rejection: a review of possible mechanisms. Transplant Immunology 7(2): 75-82.
Cooke, M.E.; Potena, L.; Luikart, H. & Valantine, H.A. 2006. Peripheral blood leukocyte counts in cytomegalovirus infected heart transplant patients: impact of acute disease versus subclinical infection. Transplantation 82(11): 1419-1424.
Einhorn, L. & Öst, Å. 1984. Cytomegalovirus infection of human blood cells. Journal of Infectious Diseases 149(2): 207-214.
Furui, Y.; Satake, M.; Hoshi, Y.; Uchida, S.; Suzuki, K. & Tadokoro, K. 2013. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seroprevalence in J apanese blood donors and high detection frequency of CMV DNA in elderly donors. Transfusion 53(10): 2190-2197.
Gerna, G.; Furione, M.; Baldanti, F. & Sarasini, A. 1994. Comparative quantitation of human cytomegalovirus DNA in blood leukocytes and plasma of transplant and AIDS patients. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 32(11): 2709-2717.
Gerna, G.; Parea, M.; Percivalle, E.; Zipeto, D.; Silini, E.; Barbarini, G. & Milanesi, G. 1990. Human cytomegalovirus viraemia in HIV-1-seropositive patients at various clinical stages of infection. AIDS (London, England) 4(10): 1027-1031.
Glock, B.; Schistal, E. & Mayr, W.R. 2003. CMV DNA in blood donors with IgM and IgG CMV antibodies. Transfusion 43(10): 1493-1494.
Henry, N.; Baiju, N.M.; Bhaskaran, R.; Sudha, S.P. & Thomas, T. 2016. Cytomegalovirus Seroprevalence among Blood Donors in Kerala. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research 3: 3008-3010.
Henry, N.; Baiju, N.M.; Bhaskaran, R.; Sudha, S.P. & Thomas, T. Cytomegalovirus Seroprevalence among Blood Donors in Kerala.
Jobier, A. & Ali, M.A. 2018. Frequency Rate of Cytomegalovirus Antibodies among Blood Donors in Khartoum State. African Journal of Medical Sciences 3(2).
Miller, M.J.; Bovey, S.; Pado, K.; Bruckner, D.A. & Wagar, E.A. 1994. Application of PCR to multiple specimen types for diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection: comparison with cell culture and shell vial assay. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 32(1): 5-10.
Mori, T.; Nakamura, M.; Shimizu, K.; Ikeda, Y. & Ando, K. 1999. In vivo disturbance of hematopoiesis in mice persistently infected with murine cytomegalovirus: Impairment of stromal cell function. Virology 253(2): 145-154.
Nogalski, M.T.; Collins-McMillen, D. & Yurochko, A.D. 2014. Overview of human cytomegalovirus pathogenesis. Human Cytomegaloviruses. Springer, pp. 15-28.
Petrakopoulou, P.; Kübrich, M.; Pehlivanli, S.; Meiser, B.; Reichart, B.; von Scheidt, W. & Weis, M. 2004. Cytomegalovirus infection in heart transplant recipients is associated with impaired endothelial function. Circulation 110(suppl 1): II-207.
Storch, G.A.; Buller, R.S.; Bailey, T.C.; Ettinger, N.A.; Langlois, T.; Gaudreault-Keener, M. & Welby, P.L. 1994. Comparison of PCR and pp65 antigenemia assay with quantitative shell vial culture for detection of cytomegalovirus in blood leukocytes from solid-organ transplant recipients. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 32(4): 997-1003.
Tagarro, A.; Del Valle, R.; Dominguez-Rodríguez, S.; Baquero-Artigao, F.; Noguera-Julian, A.; Vives-Oñós, I. & Blázquez-Gamero, D. 2019. Growth Patterns in Children with Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 38(12): 1230-1235.
Vital and Health Statistics Series. 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
Wagner, J.A.; Ross, H.; Hunt, S.; Gamberg, P.; Valantine, H.; Merigan, T.C. & Stinson, E.B. 1995. Prophylactic ganciclovir treatment reduces fungal as well as cytomegalovirus infections after heart transplantation. Transplantation 60(12): 1473-1477.
Wu, Y.; Zou, S.; Cable, R.; Dorsey, K.; Tang, Y.; Hapip, C.A. & Dodd, R. 2010. Direct assessment of cytomegalovirus transfusion‐transmitted risks after universal leukoreduction. Transfusion 50(4): 776-786.
Yamani, M.H.; Avery, R.; Mawhorter, S.; Young, J.B.; McNeill, A.; Cook, D.J. & Starling, R.C. 2001. Hypogammaglobulinemia after heart transplantation: impact of pre‐emptive use of immunoglobulin replacement (CytoGam®) on infection and rejection outcomes. Transplant Infectious Disease 3: 40-43.
Ziemann, M.; Unmack, A.; Steppat, D.; Juhl, D.; Görg, S. & Hennig, H. 2010. The natural course of primary cytomegalovirus infection in blood donors. Vox Sanguinis 99(1): 24-33.
Alberts, B.; Johnson, A.; Lewis, M.; Raff, M.; Roberts, K. & Walter, P. 2002. Leukocyte also known as macrophages functions and percentage breakdown. Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.). New York: Garland Science. ISBN 0-8153-4072-9.
Al-Sabri, A.M.A.; Al-Arnoot, S.; Al-Madhagi, A.K. & Al-Shamahy, H.A. 2017. Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus among Healthy Blood Donors in Sana’a City, Yemen. Infectious and Non Infectious Diseases 3: 016.
Amarapal, P.; Tantivanich, S. & Balachandra, K. 2001. Prevalence of cytomegalovirus in Thai blood donors by monoclonal staining of blood leukocytes. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 32(1): 148-153.
Beebe, S.J. 2021. usEP induce regulated cell death mechanisms. In: Ultrashort Electric Pulse Effects in Biology and Medicine. Springer, Singapore. pp: 227-263.
Bodey, G.P.; Buckley, M.; Sathe, Y.S. & Freireich, E.J. 1966. Quantitative relationships between circulating leukocytes and infection in patients with acute leukemia. Annals of Internal Medicine 64(2): 328-340.
Borchers, A.T.; Perez, R.; Kaysen, G.; Ansari, A.A. & Gershwin, M.E. 1999. Role of cytomegalovirus infection in allograft rejection: a review of possible mechanisms. Transplant Immunology 7(2): 75-82.
Cooke, M.E.; Potena, L.; Luikart, H. & Valantine, H.A. 2006. Peripheral blood leukocyte counts in cytomegalovirus infected heart transplant patients: impact of acute disease versus subclinical infection. Transplantation 82(11): 1419-1424.
Einhorn, L. & Öst, Å. 1984. Cytomegalovirus infection of human blood cells. Journal of Infectious Diseases 149(2): 207-214.
Furui, Y.; Satake, M.; Hoshi, Y.; Uchida, S.; Suzuki, K. & Tadokoro, K. 2013. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seroprevalence in J apanese blood donors and high detection frequency of CMV DNA in elderly donors. Transfusion 53(10): 2190-2197.
Gerna, G.; Furione, M.; Baldanti, F. & Sarasini, A. 1994. Comparative quantitation of human cytomegalovirus DNA in blood leukocytes and plasma of transplant and AIDS patients. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 32(11): 2709-2717.
Gerna, G.; Parea, M.; Percivalle, E.; Zipeto, D.; Silini, E.; Barbarini, G. & Milanesi, G. 1990. Human cytomegalovirus viraemia in HIV-1-seropositive patients at various clinical stages of infection. AIDS (London, England) 4(10): 1027-1031.
Glock, B.; Schistal, E. & Mayr, W.R. 2003. CMV DNA in blood donors with IgM and IgG CMV antibodies. Transfusion 43(10): 1493-1494.
Henry, N.; Baiju, N.M.; Bhaskaran, R.; Sudha, S.P. & Thomas, T. 2016. Cytomegalovirus Seroprevalence among Blood Donors in Kerala. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research 3: 3008-3010.
Henry, N.; Baiju, N.M.; Bhaskaran, R.; Sudha, S.P. & Thomas, T. Cytomegalovirus Seroprevalence among Blood Donors in Kerala.
Jobier, A. & Ali, M.A. 2018. Frequency Rate of Cytomegalovirus Antibodies among Blood Donors in Khartoum State. African Journal of Medical Sciences 3(2).
Miller, M.J.; Bovey, S.; Pado, K.; Bruckner, D.A. & Wagar, E.A. 1994. Application of PCR to multiple specimen types for diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection: comparison with cell culture and shell vial assay. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 32(1): 5-10.
Mori, T.; Nakamura, M.; Shimizu, K.; Ikeda, Y. & Ando, K. 1999. In vivo disturbance of hematopoiesis in mice persistently infected with murine cytomegalovirus: Impairment of stromal cell function. Virology 253(2): 145-154.
Nogalski, M.T.; Collins-McMillen, D. & Yurochko, A.D. 2014. Overview of human cytomegalovirus pathogenesis. Human Cytomegaloviruses. Springer, pp. 15-28.
Petrakopoulou, P.; Kübrich, M.; Pehlivanli, S.; Meiser, B.; Reichart, B.; von Scheidt, W. & Weis, M. 2004. Cytomegalovirus infection in heart transplant recipients is associated with impaired endothelial function. Circulation 110(suppl 1): II-207.
Storch, G.A.; Buller, R.S.; Bailey, T.C.; Ettinger, N.A.; Langlois, T.; Gaudreault-Keener, M. & Welby, P.L. 1994. Comparison of PCR and pp65 antigenemia assay with quantitative shell vial culture for detection of cytomegalovirus in blood leukocytes from solid-organ transplant recipients. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 32(4): 997-1003.
Tagarro, A.; Del Valle, R.; Dominguez-Rodríguez, S.; Baquero-Artigao, F.; Noguera-Julian, A.; Vives-Oñós, I. & Blázquez-Gamero, D. 2019. Growth Patterns in Children with Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 38(12): 1230-1235.
Vital and Health Statistics Series. 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
Wagner, J.A.; Ross, H.; Hunt, S.; Gamberg, P.; Valantine, H.; Merigan, T.C. & Stinson, E.B. 1995. Prophylactic ganciclovir treatment reduces fungal as well as cytomegalovirus infections after heart transplantation. Transplantation 60(12): 1473-1477.
Wu, Y.; Zou, S.; Cable, R.; Dorsey, K.; Tang, Y.; Hapip, C.A. & Dodd, R. 2010. Direct assessment of cytomegalovirus transfusion‐transmitted risks after universal leukoreduction. Transfusion 50(4): 776-786.
Yamani, M.H.; Avery, R.; Mawhorter, S.; Young, J.B.; McNeill, A.; Cook, D.J. & Starling, R.C. 2001. Hypogammaglobulinemia after heart transplantation: impact of pre‐emptive use of immunoglobulin replacement (CytoGam®) on infection and rejection outcomes. Transplant Infectious Disease 3: 40-43.
Ziemann, M.; Unmack, A.; Steppat, D.; Juhl, D.; Görg, S. & Hennig, H. 2010. The natural course of primary cytomegalovirus infection in blood donors. Vox Sanguinis 99(1): 24-33.