Main Article Content
Abstract
The systematics, morphology, distribution, biology, economic importance and conservation of the snakehead (Channa gachua) of Iran are described, the species is illustrated, and a bibliography on this fish is provided. The single species is distributed in southeastern Iran.
Keywords
Biology
Morphology
Channa
Makran
Mashkid.
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
COAD, B. W. (2016). Contribution to the knowledge of the Snakeheads of Iran (Family Channidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 3(1), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v3i1.144
References
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Abdoli, A. 2000. The Inland Water Fishes of Iran. Iranian Museum of Nature and Wildlife, Tehran. (In Farsi)
Adamson, E.A.S., Hurwood, D.A. & Mather, P.B. 2010. A reappraisal of the evolution of Asian snakehead fishes (Pisces, Channidae) using molecular data from multiple genes and fossil calibration. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56(2): 707-717.
Bănărescu, P. 1992. Zoogeography of Fresh Waters. Volume 2. Distribution and Dispersal of Freshwater Animals in North America and Eurasia. AULA- Verlag, Wiesbaden. pp. 519-1091.
Banerjee, S.K., Misra, K.K., Banerjee, S. & Ray-Chaudhuri, S.P. 1988. Chromosome numbers, genome sizes, cell volumes and evolution of snake-head fish (family Channidae). Journal of Fish Biology 33: 781-789.
Berg, L.S. 1949. Presnovodnye ryby Irana i sopredel'nykh stran [Freshwater fishes of Iran and adjacent countries]. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 8: 783-858.
Berra, T.M. 2001. Freshwater Fish Distribution. Academic Press, San Diego.
Coad, B.W. 1979. Range extension for the snakehead Ophiocephalus gachua Hamilton-Buchanan (Osteichthyes: Channidae) in Iran. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 75(2): 500-501.
Coad, B.W. 1987. Zoogeography of the Freshwater Fishes of Iran. In: Krupp, F., Schneider, W. & Kinzelbach, R. (eds.). Proceedings of the Symposium on the Fauna and Zoogeography of the Middle East, Mainz, 1985. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe A (Naturwissenschaften), 28, Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden.
Coad, B.W. 1998. Systematic biodiversity in the freshwater fishes of Iran. Italian Journal of Zoology, 65 (Supplement): 101-108. (Proceedings of the Ninth Congress of European Ichthyologists (CEI-9) "Fish Biodiversity" organised in Naples at the University Federico II and held in Trieste - Italy, 24-30 August 1997).
Coad, B.W. 2014. Fishes of Afghanistan. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow.
Coad, B.W. & Abdoli, A. 1996. Biodiversity of Iranian freshwater fishes. Abzeeyan 7(1): 4-10. (In Farsi)
Courtenay, W. R. & Williams, J.D. 2004. Snakeheads (Pisces, Channidae) - a biological synopsis and risk assessment. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1251: v + 143 pp.
Day, F. 1875-1878. The Fishes of India; being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma and Ceylon. London. Volume 1, Text: xx + 778 pp. Volume 2, Atlas - containing 198 plates.
De Silva, K.H.G.M. 1991. Population ecology of the paddy field-dwelling fish Channa gachua (Günther)(Perciformes, Channidae) in Sri Lanka. Journal of Fish Biology 38(4): 497-508.
DeWitt, H.H. 1960. A contribution to the ichthyology of Nepal. Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin 7(4): 63-88.
Ebrahimi, M. 2001. Identification of freshwater fishes in some permanent rivers of Kerman Province. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal 10(3): 1-12. (In Farsi)
Eschmeyer, W. N. 1990. Catalog of the Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.
Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fong, J.D. 2011. Pisces. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.). Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 26-38.
Esmaeili, H.R., Khajepanah, A., Mehraban, H., Elmi, A., Malekzehi, H. & Pazira, A. 2015. Fishes of the Mashkid and Makran basins of Iran: an updated checklist and ichthyogeography. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 2(2): 113-132.
Ettrich, G. 1989. Breeding the green snakehead - it's a mouthbrooder. Tropical Fish Hobbyist 37(10): 34-36.
Ettrich, G. & Schmidt, J. 1989. Channa gachua aus Südostasien und Channa orientalis von Sri Lanka - zwei gute Arten. Die Aquarien und Terrarien-Zeitschrift 42(8): 465-467.
Klinkhardt, M., Tesche, M. & Greven, H. 1995. Database of Fish Chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften, Magdeburg.
IUCN. 2014. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland (http://www.iucnredlist.org/).
Lee, P.G. & Ng, P.K.L. 1994. The systematics and ecology of snakeheads (Pisces: Channidae) in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Hydrobiologia 285: 59-74.
Mahtab, E. 2002. Identification of freshwater fishes in some permanent rivers of Kerman Province. International Congress on the Biology of Fish, Congress 2002: Vancouver, Canada. pp. 51-54.
Myers, G.S. & Shapovalov, L. 1931-1932. On the identity of Ophicephalus and Channa, two genera of labyrinth fishes. Peking Natural History Bulletin 6(2): 33-37.
Pethiyagoda, R. 1991. Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo.
Vishwanath, W. & Geetakumari, Kh. 2009. Diagnosis and interrelationships of fishes of the genus Channa Scopoli (Teleostei: Channidae) of northeastern India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 1(2): 97-105.
Zugmayer, E. 1913. Die Fische von Balutschistan. Mit einleitenden Bemerkungen über die Fauna des Landes. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Reise von Dr. Erich Zugmayer in Balutschistan 1911. Abhandlungen der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-physikalische Klasse 26(6): 1-35.
References
Abdoli, A. 2000. The Inland Water Fishes of Iran. Iranian Museum of Nature and Wildlife, Tehran. (In Farsi)
Adamson, E.A.S., Hurwood, D.A. & Mather, P.B. 2010. A reappraisal of the evolution of Asian snakehead fishes (Pisces, Channidae) using molecular data from multiple genes and fossil calibration. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56(2): 707-717.
Bănărescu, P. 1992. Zoogeography of Fresh Waters. Volume 2. Distribution and Dispersal of Freshwater Animals in North America and Eurasia. AULA- Verlag, Wiesbaden. pp. 519-1091.
Banerjee, S.K., Misra, K.K., Banerjee, S. & Ray-Chaudhuri, S.P. 1988. Chromosome numbers, genome sizes, cell volumes and evolution of snake-head fish (family Channidae). Journal of Fish Biology 33: 781-789.
Berg, L.S. 1949. Presnovodnye ryby Irana i sopredel'nykh stran [Freshwater fishes of Iran and adjacent countries]. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 8: 783-858.
Berra, T.M. 2001. Freshwater Fish Distribution. Academic Press, San Diego.
Coad, B.W. 1979. Range extension for the snakehead Ophiocephalus gachua Hamilton-Buchanan (Osteichthyes: Channidae) in Iran. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 75(2): 500-501.
Coad, B.W. 1987. Zoogeography of the Freshwater Fishes of Iran. In: Krupp, F., Schneider, W. & Kinzelbach, R. (eds.). Proceedings of the Symposium on the Fauna and Zoogeography of the Middle East, Mainz, 1985. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe A (Naturwissenschaften), 28, Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden.
Coad, B.W. 1998. Systematic biodiversity in the freshwater fishes of Iran. Italian Journal of Zoology, 65 (Supplement): 101-108. (Proceedings of the Ninth Congress of European Ichthyologists (CEI-9) "Fish Biodiversity" organised in Naples at the University Federico II and held in Trieste - Italy, 24-30 August 1997).
Coad, B.W. 2014. Fishes of Afghanistan. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow.
Coad, B.W. & Abdoli, A. 1996. Biodiversity of Iranian freshwater fishes. Abzeeyan 7(1): 4-10. (In Farsi)
Courtenay, W. R. & Williams, J.D. 2004. Snakeheads (Pisces, Channidae) - a biological synopsis and risk assessment. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1251: v + 143 pp.
Day, F. 1875-1878. The Fishes of India; being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma and Ceylon. London. Volume 1, Text: xx + 778 pp. Volume 2, Atlas - containing 198 plates.
De Silva, K.H.G.M. 1991. Population ecology of the paddy field-dwelling fish Channa gachua (Günther)(Perciformes, Channidae) in Sri Lanka. Journal of Fish Biology 38(4): 497-508.
DeWitt, H.H. 1960. A contribution to the ichthyology of Nepal. Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin 7(4): 63-88.
Ebrahimi, M. 2001. Identification of freshwater fishes in some permanent rivers of Kerman Province. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal 10(3): 1-12. (In Farsi)
Eschmeyer, W. N. 1990. Catalog of the Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.
Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fong, J.D. 2011. Pisces. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.). Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 26-38.
Esmaeili, H.R., Khajepanah, A., Mehraban, H., Elmi, A., Malekzehi, H. & Pazira, A. 2015. Fishes of the Mashkid and Makran basins of Iran: an updated checklist and ichthyogeography. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 2(2): 113-132.
Ettrich, G. 1989. Breeding the green snakehead - it's a mouthbrooder. Tropical Fish Hobbyist 37(10): 34-36.
Ettrich, G. & Schmidt, J. 1989. Channa gachua aus Südostasien und Channa orientalis von Sri Lanka - zwei gute Arten. Die Aquarien und Terrarien-Zeitschrift 42(8): 465-467.
Klinkhardt, M., Tesche, M. & Greven, H. 1995. Database of Fish Chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften, Magdeburg.
IUCN. 2014. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland (http://www.iucnredlist.org/).
Lee, P.G. & Ng, P.K.L. 1994. The systematics and ecology of snakeheads (Pisces: Channidae) in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Hydrobiologia 285: 59-74.
Mahtab, E. 2002. Identification of freshwater fishes in some permanent rivers of Kerman Province. International Congress on the Biology of Fish, Congress 2002: Vancouver, Canada. pp. 51-54.
Myers, G.S. & Shapovalov, L. 1931-1932. On the identity of Ophicephalus and Channa, two genera of labyrinth fishes. Peking Natural History Bulletin 6(2): 33-37.
Pethiyagoda, R. 1991. Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo.
Vishwanath, W. & Geetakumari, Kh. 2009. Diagnosis and interrelationships of fishes of the genus Channa Scopoli (Teleostei: Channidae) of northeastern India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 1(2): 97-105.
Zugmayer, E. 1913. Die Fische von Balutschistan. Mit einleitenden Bemerkungen über die Fauna des Landes. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Reise von Dr. Erich Zugmayer in Balutschistan 1911. Abhandlungen der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-physikalische Klasse 26(6): 1-35.
Adamson, E.A.S., Hurwood, D.A. & Mather, P.B. 2010. A reappraisal of the evolution of Asian snakehead fishes (Pisces, Channidae) using molecular data from multiple genes and fossil calibration. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56(2): 707-717.
Bănărescu, P. 1992. Zoogeography of Fresh Waters. Volume 2. Distribution and Dispersal of Freshwater Animals in North America and Eurasia. AULA- Verlag, Wiesbaden. pp. 519-1091.
Banerjee, S.K., Misra, K.K., Banerjee, S. & Ray-Chaudhuri, S.P. 1988. Chromosome numbers, genome sizes, cell volumes and evolution of snake-head fish (family Channidae). Journal of Fish Biology 33: 781-789.
Berg, L.S. 1949. Presnovodnye ryby Irana i sopredel'nykh stran [Freshwater fishes of Iran and adjacent countries]. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 8: 783-858.
Berra, T.M. 2001. Freshwater Fish Distribution. Academic Press, San Diego.
Coad, B.W. 1979. Range extension for the snakehead Ophiocephalus gachua Hamilton-Buchanan (Osteichthyes: Channidae) in Iran. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 75(2): 500-501.
Coad, B.W. 1987. Zoogeography of the Freshwater Fishes of Iran. In: Krupp, F., Schneider, W. & Kinzelbach, R. (eds.). Proceedings of the Symposium on the Fauna and Zoogeography of the Middle East, Mainz, 1985. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe A (Naturwissenschaften), 28, Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden.
Coad, B.W. 1998. Systematic biodiversity in the freshwater fishes of Iran. Italian Journal of Zoology, 65 (Supplement): 101-108. (Proceedings of the Ninth Congress of European Ichthyologists (CEI-9) "Fish Biodiversity" organised in Naples at the University Federico II and held in Trieste - Italy, 24-30 August 1997).
Coad, B.W. 2014. Fishes of Afghanistan. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow.
Coad, B.W. & Abdoli, A. 1996. Biodiversity of Iranian freshwater fishes. Abzeeyan 7(1): 4-10. (In Farsi)
Courtenay, W. R. & Williams, J.D. 2004. Snakeheads (Pisces, Channidae) - a biological synopsis and risk assessment. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1251: v + 143 pp.
Day, F. 1875-1878. The Fishes of India; being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma and Ceylon. London. Volume 1, Text: xx + 778 pp. Volume 2, Atlas - containing 198 plates.
De Silva, K.H.G.M. 1991. Population ecology of the paddy field-dwelling fish Channa gachua (Günther)(Perciformes, Channidae) in Sri Lanka. Journal of Fish Biology 38(4): 497-508.
DeWitt, H.H. 1960. A contribution to the ichthyology of Nepal. Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin 7(4): 63-88.
Ebrahimi, M. 2001. Identification of freshwater fishes in some permanent rivers of Kerman Province. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal 10(3): 1-12. (In Farsi)
Eschmeyer, W. N. 1990. Catalog of the Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.
Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fong, J.D. 2011. Pisces. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.). Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 26-38.
Esmaeili, H.R., Khajepanah, A., Mehraban, H., Elmi, A., Malekzehi, H. & Pazira, A. 2015. Fishes of the Mashkid and Makran basins of Iran: an updated checklist and ichthyogeography. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 2(2): 113-132.
Ettrich, G. 1989. Breeding the green snakehead - it's a mouthbrooder. Tropical Fish Hobbyist 37(10): 34-36.
Ettrich, G. & Schmidt, J. 1989. Channa gachua aus Südostasien und Channa orientalis von Sri Lanka - zwei gute Arten. Die Aquarien und Terrarien-Zeitschrift 42(8): 465-467.
Klinkhardt, M., Tesche, M. & Greven, H. 1995. Database of Fish Chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften, Magdeburg.
IUCN. 2014. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland (http://www.iucnredlist.org/).
Lee, P.G. & Ng, P.K.L. 1994. The systematics and ecology of snakeheads (Pisces: Channidae) in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Hydrobiologia 285: 59-74.
Mahtab, E. 2002. Identification of freshwater fishes in some permanent rivers of Kerman Province. International Congress on the Biology of Fish, Congress 2002: Vancouver, Canada. pp. 51-54.
Myers, G.S. & Shapovalov, L. 1931-1932. On the identity of Ophicephalus and Channa, two genera of labyrinth fishes. Peking Natural History Bulletin 6(2): 33-37.
Pethiyagoda, R. 1991. Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo.
Vishwanath, W. & Geetakumari, Kh. 2009. Diagnosis and interrelationships of fishes of the genus Channa Scopoli (Teleostei: Channidae) of northeastern India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 1(2): 97-105.
Zugmayer, E. 1913. Die Fische von Balutschistan. Mit einleitenden Bemerkungen über die Fauna des Landes. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Reise von Dr. Erich Zugmayer in Balutschistan 1911. Abhandlungen der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-physikalische Klasse 26(6): 1-35.