Main Article Content
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of nucleotide on intestinal microbiota of striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Different levels of the NT (0, 0.25. 0.5, 0.75 and 1 % weight per weight, WW-1) were added to basal diet and then randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish with average initial weight (1.52±0.11 g) for 10 weeks. At the end of the experiment, at least 10 individual fish from each treatment were used to study quantitative and qualitative analyses of bacterial flora of intestine. The bacterial flora was identified to species level where possible. Total viable bacterial counts in the intestine of the catfish ranged from 4.33±0.49×104, 5.98±0.82×104, 6.44±1.09×104, 5.54±0.64×104 and 2.65±0.46×104 colony forming units (cfu/g) for groups treated with 0-1% NT respectively without any significant difference among groups (P>0.05). Gram negative rod shaped bacteria were dominant in all groups. Altogether 16 bacterial species of 12 genera were identified in total populations. Most of the bacterial species were common among all groups. Proteus mirabilis, Serratia liquefaciens, Bacillus cereus only were observed in NT treated fish while Alkaligenes faecalis only existed in the control group. Corynebacterium urealyticum and Staphylococcus aureus were identified in some fish belong to control-0.25 NT and control 1-NT groups respectively. The results of this study demonstrate that although the total bacterial count number did not affected by dietary NT but some qualitative changes were clearly observed.
Keywords
Bacterial flora
Bacteriological analysis Dietary nucleotide
Striped catfish
Siluriformes.
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
YAGHOBI, M., PAYKAN HEYRATI, F., AKHLAGHI, M., DORAFSHAN, S., & MAHMOUDI, N. (2015). Intestinal microbiota of striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) fed on dietary nucleotide. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 1(4), 274–280. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v1i4.22
References
-
Akrami, R.; Iri, Y.; Khohbavar Rostami, H. & Razeghi Mansour, M. 2013. Effect of dietary supplementation of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, survival, lactobacillus bacterial population and hemato-immunological parameters of stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) Juvenile. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 21: 1-5.
Al-Harbi, A.H. & Uddin, N. 2004. Seasonal variation in the intestinal bacterial flora of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) cultured in earthen ponds in Saudi Arabia. Aquaculture 229: 37-44.
Buller, N.B. 2004. Bacteria from fish and other aquatic animals: A practical identification manual, CABI Publication, U.K.
Borda, E.; Martinez-Puig, D. & Cordoba, X. 2003. A balanced nucleotide supply makes sense. Feed Mixture 11: 24-26.
Burrells, C.; William, P.D. & Forno, P.F. 2001a. Dietary nucleotides a novel supplement in fish feeds. 1. Effects of resistance to disease in salmonids. Aquaculture 199: 159-169.
Burrells, C.; William, P.D.; Southage, P.J. & Wadsworth, S.L. 2001b. Dietary nucleotides: a novel supplement in fish feeds 2. Effects on vaccination, salt water transfer, growth rate and physiology of Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture 199: 171-184.
Cheng, Z.; Buentello, A. & Delbert, M. 2011. Dietary nucleotides influence immune responses and intestinal morphology of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 30: 143-147.
Deven, S.; Staykov, Y.; Moutafchieva, R. & Beev, G. 2009. Microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract of fish and prebiotics in finfish aquaculture. International Aquatic Research 1: 1-29.
Holt, J.G. 2000. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (7th edition), Lippincott Willions and Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA.
Hoseinifar, H.; Khalili, M.; Khoshbavar Rostami, H. & Esteban, M.A. 2013. Dietary galactooligosaccharide affects intestinal microbiota, stress resistance, and performance of Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus) fry. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 22: 1-5.
Lavens, P. & Sorgeloos, P. 2000. Experiences on importance of diet for shrimp post larval quality. Aquaculture 191: 169-176.
Li, P. & Gatlin III, D.M. 2006. Nucleotide nutrition in fish: current knowledge and future applications. Aquaculture 251: 141-152.
Li, P. & Gatlin III, D.M. 2007. Dietary supplementation of a purified nucleotide mixture transiently enhanced growth and feed utilization of juvenile red drum. Sciaenops ocellatus. Journal World Aquaculture Society 38: 281-286.
IUCN, 2014. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. IUCN 2014. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded in June 2014.
Low, C.; Wadsworth, S.; Burrells, C. & Secombes, C.J. 2003. Expression of immune genes in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) fed a nucleotide-supplemented diet. Aquaculture 221: 23-40.
Mahious, A.S.; Van Loo, J. & Ollevier, F. 2006. Impact of the prebiotics, inulin and oligofructose on microbial fermentation in the spiral valve of siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii. Aqua Firenze (Florence), Italy, World Aquaculture Society.
National Research Council (NRC). 1973. Nutrient Requirement of Fish. Academic Press, Washinton, DC, USA.
Oujifard, A.; Abedian Kenari, A.; Taheri, A. & Ghanizadeh Kazerouni, E. 2012. Effected by dietary nucleotide on changes in intestinal morphology, growth and fatty acid profile of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Iran Society Fish Journal 20 (4): 1-10 (in Farsi).
Ringo, E.; Sperstad, S.; Myklebust, R.; Refstie, S. & Krogdahl, A. 2006. Characterisation of the microbiota associated with intestine of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.): the effect of fish meal, standard soybean meal and a bioprocessed soybean meal. Aquaculture 261: 829-841.
Sugita, H.; Ishida. Y.; Deguchi, Y. & Kadota, H. 1982. Aerobic microlfora attached to the wall surface in the gastrointestine of Tilapia nilotica. Bulletin of College Agriculture Veterinary Medicine Nihon University 39: 302-306.
Sakata, T.; Uno, K. & Kakimoto, D. 1984. Dominant bacteria of the aerobic microflora in tilapia intestine. Bulletin of Japan Science Fish 50: 489-493.
Shankar, R.; Shivanada, H.; Sujata, H.R.; Jayaraj, E.G.; Tejpal, C.S. & Chinthamani, V.S. 2012. Effect of nucleotide on growth, immune responses and resistance of Macrobranchium rosenbergii, nodavirus and extra small virus and Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Aquaculture 20: 1-12.
Tahmasebi-Kohyani, A.; Keyvan Shokooh, S.; Nematollahi, A.; Mahmoudi, N. & Pasha-Zanoosi H. 2011. Dietary administration of nucleotide to enhance growth, humoral immune response, and disease resistance of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 30: 189-193.
Uddin, N. & Al-Harbi, A.H. 2012. Bacterial flora of polycultured common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). International Aquatic Research 4: 1-10.
Yoshimizu, M. & Ezura, Y. 1999. Biological control of fish viral diseases by anti-viral substance producing bacteria. Microbes and Environ 14(4): 269-275.
Vidthayanon, C. & Hogan, Z. 2011. Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>.
References
Akrami, R.; Iri, Y.; Khohbavar Rostami, H. & Razeghi Mansour, M. 2013. Effect of dietary supplementation of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, survival, lactobacillus bacterial population and hemato-immunological parameters of stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) Juvenile. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 21: 1-5.
Al-Harbi, A.H. & Uddin, N. 2004. Seasonal variation in the intestinal bacterial flora of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) cultured in earthen ponds in Saudi Arabia. Aquaculture 229: 37-44.
Buller, N.B. 2004. Bacteria from fish and other aquatic animals: A practical identification manual, CABI Publication, U.K.
Borda, E.; Martinez-Puig, D. & Cordoba, X. 2003. A balanced nucleotide supply makes sense. Feed Mixture 11: 24-26.
Burrells, C.; William, P.D. & Forno, P.F. 2001a. Dietary nucleotides a novel supplement in fish feeds. 1. Effects of resistance to disease in salmonids. Aquaculture 199: 159-169.
Burrells, C.; William, P.D.; Southage, P.J. & Wadsworth, S.L. 2001b. Dietary nucleotides: a novel supplement in fish feeds 2. Effects on vaccination, salt water transfer, growth rate and physiology of Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture 199: 171-184.
Cheng, Z.; Buentello, A. & Delbert, M. 2011. Dietary nucleotides influence immune responses and intestinal morphology of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 30: 143-147.
Deven, S.; Staykov, Y.; Moutafchieva, R. & Beev, G. 2009. Microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract of fish and prebiotics in finfish aquaculture. International Aquatic Research 1: 1-29.
Holt, J.G. 2000. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (7th edition), Lippincott Willions and Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA.
Hoseinifar, H.; Khalili, M.; Khoshbavar Rostami, H. & Esteban, M.A. 2013. Dietary galactooligosaccharide affects intestinal microbiota, stress resistance, and performance of Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus) fry. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 22: 1-5.
Lavens, P. & Sorgeloos, P. 2000. Experiences on importance of diet for shrimp post larval quality. Aquaculture 191: 169-176.
Li, P. & Gatlin III, D.M. 2006. Nucleotide nutrition in fish: current knowledge and future applications. Aquaculture 251: 141-152.
Li, P. & Gatlin III, D.M. 2007. Dietary supplementation of a purified nucleotide mixture transiently enhanced growth and feed utilization of juvenile red drum. Sciaenops ocellatus. Journal World Aquaculture Society 38: 281-286.
IUCN, 2014. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. IUCN 2014. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded in June 2014.
Low, C.; Wadsworth, S.; Burrells, C. & Secombes, C.J. 2003. Expression of immune genes in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) fed a nucleotide-supplemented diet. Aquaculture 221: 23-40.
Mahious, A.S.; Van Loo, J. & Ollevier, F. 2006. Impact of the prebiotics, inulin and oligofructose on microbial fermentation in the spiral valve of siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii. Aqua Firenze (Florence), Italy, World Aquaculture Society.
National Research Council (NRC). 1973. Nutrient Requirement of Fish. Academic Press, Washinton, DC, USA.
Oujifard, A.; Abedian Kenari, A.; Taheri, A. & Ghanizadeh Kazerouni, E. 2012. Effected by dietary nucleotide on changes in intestinal morphology, growth and fatty acid profile of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Iran Society Fish Journal 20 (4): 1-10 (in Farsi).
Ringo, E.; Sperstad, S.; Myklebust, R.; Refstie, S. & Krogdahl, A. 2006. Characterisation of the microbiota associated with intestine of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.): the effect of fish meal, standard soybean meal and a bioprocessed soybean meal. Aquaculture 261: 829-841.
Sugita, H.; Ishida. Y.; Deguchi, Y. & Kadota, H. 1982. Aerobic microlfora attached to the wall surface in the gastrointestine of Tilapia nilotica. Bulletin of College Agriculture Veterinary Medicine Nihon University 39: 302-306.
Sakata, T.; Uno, K. & Kakimoto, D. 1984. Dominant bacteria of the aerobic microflora in tilapia intestine. Bulletin of Japan Science Fish 50: 489-493.
Shankar, R.; Shivanada, H.; Sujata, H.R.; Jayaraj, E.G.; Tejpal, C.S. & Chinthamani, V.S. 2012. Effect of nucleotide on growth, immune responses and resistance of Macrobranchium rosenbergii, nodavirus and extra small virus and Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Aquaculture 20: 1-12.
Tahmasebi-Kohyani, A.; Keyvan Shokooh, S.; Nematollahi, A.; Mahmoudi, N. & Pasha-Zanoosi H. 2011. Dietary administration of nucleotide to enhance growth, humoral immune response, and disease resistance of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 30: 189-193.
Uddin, N. & Al-Harbi, A.H. 2012. Bacterial flora of polycultured common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). International Aquatic Research 4: 1-10.
Yoshimizu, M. & Ezura, Y. 1999. Biological control of fish viral diseases by anti-viral substance producing bacteria. Microbes and Environ 14(4): 269-275.
Vidthayanon, C. & Hogan, Z. 2011. Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>.
Al-Harbi, A.H. & Uddin, N. 2004. Seasonal variation in the intestinal bacterial flora of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) cultured in earthen ponds in Saudi Arabia. Aquaculture 229: 37-44.
Buller, N.B. 2004. Bacteria from fish and other aquatic animals: A practical identification manual, CABI Publication, U.K.
Borda, E.; Martinez-Puig, D. & Cordoba, X. 2003. A balanced nucleotide supply makes sense. Feed Mixture 11: 24-26.
Burrells, C.; William, P.D. & Forno, P.F. 2001a. Dietary nucleotides a novel supplement in fish feeds. 1. Effects of resistance to disease in salmonids. Aquaculture 199: 159-169.
Burrells, C.; William, P.D.; Southage, P.J. & Wadsworth, S.L. 2001b. Dietary nucleotides: a novel supplement in fish feeds 2. Effects on vaccination, salt water transfer, growth rate and physiology of Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture 199: 171-184.
Cheng, Z.; Buentello, A. & Delbert, M. 2011. Dietary nucleotides influence immune responses and intestinal morphology of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 30: 143-147.
Deven, S.; Staykov, Y.; Moutafchieva, R. & Beev, G. 2009. Microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract of fish and prebiotics in finfish aquaculture. International Aquatic Research 1: 1-29.
Holt, J.G. 2000. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (7th edition), Lippincott Willions and Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA.
Hoseinifar, H.; Khalili, M.; Khoshbavar Rostami, H. & Esteban, M.A. 2013. Dietary galactooligosaccharide affects intestinal microbiota, stress resistance, and performance of Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus) fry. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 22: 1-5.
Lavens, P. & Sorgeloos, P. 2000. Experiences on importance of diet for shrimp post larval quality. Aquaculture 191: 169-176.
Li, P. & Gatlin III, D.M. 2006. Nucleotide nutrition in fish: current knowledge and future applications. Aquaculture 251: 141-152.
Li, P. & Gatlin III, D.M. 2007. Dietary supplementation of a purified nucleotide mixture transiently enhanced growth and feed utilization of juvenile red drum. Sciaenops ocellatus. Journal World Aquaculture Society 38: 281-286.
IUCN, 2014. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. IUCN 2014. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded in June 2014.
Low, C.; Wadsworth, S.; Burrells, C. & Secombes, C.J. 2003. Expression of immune genes in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) fed a nucleotide-supplemented diet. Aquaculture 221: 23-40.
Mahious, A.S.; Van Loo, J. & Ollevier, F. 2006. Impact of the prebiotics, inulin and oligofructose on microbial fermentation in the spiral valve of siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii. Aqua Firenze (Florence), Italy, World Aquaculture Society.
National Research Council (NRC). 1973. Nutrient Requirement of Fish. Academic Press, Washinton, DC, USA.
Oujifard, A.; Abedian Kenari, A.; Taheri, A. & Ghanizadeh Kazerouni, E. 2012. Effected by dietary nucleotide on changes in intestinal morphology, growth and fatty acid profile of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Iran Society Fish Journal 20 (4): 1-10 (in Farsi).
Ringo, E.; Sperstad, S.; Myklebust, R.; Refstie, S. & Krogdahl, A. 2006. Characterisation of the microbiota associated with intestine of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.): the effect of fish meal, standard soybean meal and a bioprocessed soybean meal. Aquaculture 261: 829-841.
Sugita, H.; Ishida. Y.; Deguchi, Y. & Kadota, H. 1982. Aerobic microlfora attached to the wall surface in the gastrointestine of Tilapia nilotica. Bulletin of College Agriculture Veterinary Medicine Nihon University 39: 302-306.
Sakata, T.; Uno, K. & Kakimoto, D. 1984. Dominant bacteria of the aerobic microflora in tilapia intestine. Bulletin of Japan Science Fish 50: 489-493.
Shankar, R.; Shivanada, H.; Sujata, H.R.; Jayaraj, E.G.; Tejpal, C.S. & Chinthamani, V.S. 2012. Effect of nucleotide on growth, immune responses and resistance of Macrobranchium rosenbergii, nodavirus and extra small virus and Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Aquaculture 20: 1-12.
Tahmasebi-Kohyani, A.; Keyvan Shokooh, S.; Nematollahi, A.; Mahmoudi, N. & Pasha-Zanoosi H. 2011. Dietary administration of nucleotide to enhance growth, humoral immune response, and disease resistance of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 30: 189-193.
Uddin, N. & Al-Harbi, A.H. 2012. Bacterial flora of polycultured common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). International Aquatic Research 4: 1-10.
Yoshimizu, M. & Ezura, Y. 1999. Biological control of fish viral diseases by anti-viral substance producing bacteria. Microbes and Environ 14(4): 269-275.
Vidthayanon, C. & Hogan, Z. 2011. Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>.